and the ai tool that successfully identifies tiny signs of breast cancer in women — missed by human doctors. let's turn to botswana now, where there's controversy — driven by a bill that will be debated on friday by british mps. the proposed law would ban imports to the uk from the trophy hunting of endangered species. botswana is a sparsely populated country, withjust 2 million people — and is home to some of africa's largest areas of wilderness. safari—based tourism — tightly—controlled and often upmarket — is an important source of income for the landlocked nation. back in 2019, a ban on big game hunting was lifted in botswana because of claims elephant numbers were affecting small—scale farmers�* livelihoods. the government argues that the tourism revenue it generates creates jobs for local communities and is crucial to funding conservation efforts. it also says it helps prevent illegal poaching. president of botswana, mokgweetsi masisi, gave me his view earlier on british mps

debating trophy hunting. i think it is a really sad tragedy that the british leadership of all would bring this upon us without even so much as a courteous call to us, nor even an attempt to understand what our circumstances are. it's also hypocritical, in our view, deeply so that you allow your species to be hunted and trophies to be exported from the united kingdom. and not one the same for us to do. what examples do you have of that? well, stags you have stags you permit for them to be hunted. you permit for them to be turned into trophies, mounted on walls and exported throughout the world. there are those in your country who agree with the efforts

by the british politicians. former president ian khama backs the bill. he says too many rhinos, for example, are being killed in botswana. do you agree with that? well, one iconic species killed is one too many to begin with, right? my fundamental disagreement with ian comey�*s misdirected position is that first we're a democratic country, botswana is, and our mode of democracy is premised very heavily on a consultative system where in a consensual agreement or settlement of a dispute or disagreement or an issue, is premised on the democratic ideals of a majoritarian decision making process. when the ban on hunting was instituted by himself without any consultation. in botswana, which prides itself

on consultative democracy in 2014, you'll be shocked to know that there were about 25,000 incidents of human wildlife conflict, primarily elephants. and that had escalated in 2019 when after consultation, national consultation with the public and particularly the ones that most, affected, the incidents had risen to a whooping 75,000. and this is against the reality that our numbers, total numbers of species have gone way beyond the current capacity of the rangeland that we provide for it. botswana's the second driest country in southern africa, and yet it bears the habitat called bear's home is home to the most number of these species. why is that so? because of the protection

we give them. 40% of our country is dedicated to conservation. no country comes close to us. yet we're dry and we have little forage because the peace that we give to our people, the stability we give to our people, communities and investors, is also felt by the iconic animal species. so nobody in the world comes close to being in any position to lecture to us how to maintain the homeostatic. to maintain the homeostatic balance required between nature and species present. there are those that argue that those who come to your country for trophy hunting, they target the elephants with the largest tusks. i don't know if you agree if that is the case, but there are those who say that because of that, elephants that are now being born have smaller tusks. so it's actually changing the elephants in your country

because of their dying out. that could not be true. basic biology. the elephants with the largest tasks are usually the male elephants, and by the time they get to be extremely large tusks, they've gone beyond their breeding capacity. so they do have offspring and basic dna dictates that you would more often than not inherit from either of your parents and those tusks will get larger. it's only that the elephants need to grow. they need to feed, right, and have space to grow completely the bodies and the tusks. so i don't subscribe to the assertion that the big tusks elephant that are hunted at times selectively and in a controlled manner results in tusks reducing in size. to india now and a new study has found that pregnant women faced twice the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or low birth

weight if they worked in very hot environments, compared to those in cooler places. the team behind the study is now working with uk scientists to better understand these findings, saying they could have an impact on advice for pregnant women around the world. our global health correspondent tulip mazumdar has been to the indian state of tamil nadu to meet some of the women who took part in the study. summer is coming. and india is predicted to become one of the first countries where temperatures will top the safe limit for healthy people who are just sitting out in the shade. every morning i wake up, get a quick glimpse _ every morning i wake up, get a quick glimpse of— every morning i wake up, get a quick glimpse of my children before coming into these _ glimpse of my children before coming into these fields to work. in the hospital— into these fields to work. in the hospital two hot sun burns my body.

she has_ hospital two hot sun burns my body. she has been working in these fields sent she was 12. there is one—day thatis sent she was 12. there is one—day that is forever seared in memory. translation: i would come to the field to— translation: i would come to the field to drop off my husbands lunch. i field to drop off my husbands lunch. iwas _ field to drop off my husbands lunch. iwas so _ field to drop off my husbands lunch. i was so exhausted i went to the toilel— i was so exhausted i went to the toilet and — i was so exhausted i went to the toilet and realised something was very wrong. later i went to hospital and i_ very wrong. later i went to hospital and i was _ very wrong. later i went to hospital and i was told the baby had died. she will never know if working in the heat had anything to do with her baby for that that's what this research is so important because women need to know about these risk in order to better protect themselves against them. sandhiya is one of hundreds of pregnant women who took part in a study about the impact of heat stress at work on pregnancy. 800 pregnant women took part. researchers found that those who worked in extreme heat faced

double the risk of stillbirth, pre—term birth, miscarriage and low birth weight. the study took into account the workload but he was a factor the mechanisms around why pregnant women face these wrist from the heat are still poorly understood. one theory is around reduced blood flow to the baby when the mother gets hot. the researchers who made the troubling findings are now coming up with solutions. the one study part funded by the uk they're looking into the best food and drink for cooling people down. you're going to see hot and extreme weather especially when it comes to heat waves and everything across the world. {line it comes to heat waves and everything across the world. one of the areas we _

everything across the world. one of the areas we need _ everything across the world. one of the areas we need to _ everything across the world. one of the areas we need to find _ everything across the world. one of the areas we need to find evidence | the areas we need to find evidence so that policies can be evident protect them for the pregnant women. in the bustling city its water delivery day at this sprawling storm. once the precious water is collected some of the women gather as researchers listen to the challenges they faced at work. most are domestic cleaners with up we're sometimes not allowed to use electric fans of be he, says one. others say they are banned from using employer's toilets.- using employer's toilets. making little changes — using employer's toilets. making little changes will _ using employer's toilets. making little changes will help _ using employer's toilets. making little changes will help them - using employer's toilets. making| little changes will help them with the heat. �* , , , ., the heat. after the session i meet with 18-year-old _ the heat. after the session i meet with 18-year-old esther _ the heat. after the session i meet with 18-year-old esther who - the heat. after the session i meet. with 18-year-old esther who invites with 18—year—old esther who invites me to her home. she's six months pregnant. she tells me the scarcity of water reaches already limiting how much she's using. in spite of all the challenges in esther faces she says she's full of hope.

translation: i consider being pregnant a great blessing. i am going to have a baby. and going to be called mother. tulip mazumdar, bbc news, southern india. if you're in the uk, you can watch the full documentary on the bbc iplayer, search for �*indian mothers: bearing the heat�* — and this weekend it will be showing here on bbc news. the taliban inaugurated the new academic year but did not an entity changes to read scripture. since cominu changes to read scripture. since comin: to changes to read scripture. since coming to power— changes to read scripture. since coming to power in _ changes to read scripture. since coming to power in 2021 - changes to read scripture. since coming to power in 2021 the - changes to read scripture. since coming to power in 2021 the chalobah out of not only close schools from girls about the sixth grade they've also barred women from universities so that the taliban have repeatedly insisted they accept women and girls rights and islamic values and claim that efforts to reopen girls schools

are underway. an afghan human rights after guest, she's an educator and now runs four underground schools in afghanistan. the now runs four underground schools in afghanistan-— afghanistan. the situation in afghanistan _ afghanistan. the situation in afghanistan is _ afghanistan. the situation in afghanistan is extremely - afghanistan. the situation in i afghanistan is extremely bleak afghanistan. the situation in - afghanistan is extremely bleak given this is a year now there is been the girls not being admitted to secondary schools. even now we're hearing that girls are barred from grade six. figs hearing that girls are barred from trade six. �* , ., grade six. as i mentioned, you hel - ed grade six. as i mentioned, you helped to _ grade six. as i mentioned, you helped to run _ grade six. as i mentioned, you helped to run four— grade six. as i mentioned, you | helped to run four underground schools in afghanistan. to what extent are girls able to access some form of education? it extent are girls able to access some form of education?— form of education? it definitely is unauthorised _ form of education? it definitely is unauthorised and _ form of education? it definitely is unauthorised and in _ form of education? it definitely is unauthorised and in many - form of education? it definitely is unauthorised and in many ways . form of education? it definitely is i unauthorised and in many ways you can call it illegal because the people teaching and the girls learning are doing something which is basic and human and is according to the university of human rights but apparently is illegal in a country that they are in right now. at the same time there are efforts being done all of the country to educate girls for the their

activities that we're holding it other people are holding, television channels, in person activities, there are people who are running schools from their own homes. the message is clear that the people of afghanistan, the current regime of afghanistan, the current regime of afghanistan but don't want afghan girls in school. ads, afghanistan but don't want afghan girls in school.— girls in school. a clear front runner has _ girls in school. a clear front runner has emerged - girls in school. a clear front runner has emerged as - girls in school. a clear front runner has emerged as i . girls in school. a clear front l runner has emerged as i was girls in school. a clear front - runner has emerged as i was prime minister science in higher education and as he intends to run for the leadership of the party for that in a statement he studies humbled and honoured to receive the support that so many party members. new figures ever ruled themselves out of the race to replace for the p analysis resignation yesterday. still to come all the world today... we look at the 270 million —year—old fossil and an ancient amphibian named after the worlds most famous frog, kermit. it is this the most adorable thing you see today? a new bone hippo in

athens and why this birth is so important for the species. around the world and across the uk. this is the world today on bbc news.

a 270—million—year—old fossil that sheds light on the murky origins of amphibians has been named after kermit — the world's most famous frog. scientists found the fossilized skull in a collection at the smithsonian national museum of natural history. they say it's a new species of proto—amphibian and have named it kermitops gratus because it bears a likeness to the iconic muppet. the researchers said the fossil was part of a group of relatives of amphibians that lived for more than 200 million years, but was totally unique. joining me now... doctoral student at the george washington university and the lead author of the new paper and arjan mann, postdoctoral paleontologist at the

smithsonian 5 national museum of natural history. thank you for being with us. arjan mann, you found us go it had been languishing for some for two years? yes, it was collected in 1984 and was in the smithsonian collection is sitting there unstudied. like many fossils are that were collected at this time period. when i got here one of my first task was to look in this collection for fossils that could be interesting to study based on the time period that i work on. this skull stood out to me as one of the better skulls are potentially a new species already based on skill proportions we had identified. tell us what you found how significant is this discovery? this

us what you found how significant is this discovery?— this discovery? this skull had a lane of this discovery? this skull had a large of traits _ this discovery? this skull had a large of traits that _ this discovery? this skull had a large of traits that showed - this discovery? this skull had a large of traits that showed the | large of traits that showed the unique characteristics that show amphibian origins might be more complicated than previously understood. it's got a mix of a short spell in the back with a long snout, which shows not only different types that were in the same ecosystem at the time but also that certain traits like the brain case which shows one of the skull bones that outline the spinal pathway of the nerve in the back present on this animal. where as it was previously thought to be reduced in this trend of simplification towards a modern amphibian skull what that means is when you see modern amphibian skills you see a reduced strut like, very thin to more like a frog skull. their ancestors, these proto— amphibian adding more root like development of

the skull. this shows there's more bones and elements than we thought we'd find an animal this age that supposed to be transitional to this frog. supposed to be transitional to this fro. . , ., ., , supposed to be transitional to this fro. . ,. . , ., supposed to be transitional to this fl’o _ ., y., ., , ., y., frog. calvin, you teamed up and you are responsible _ frog. calvin, you teamed up and you are responsible for _ frog. calvin, you teamed up and you are responsible for the _ frog. calvin, you teamed up and you are responsible for the naming. - are responsible for the naming. explain why kermit. ladle are responsible for the naming. explain why kermit.— explain why kermit. we really thou~ht explain why kermit. we really thought the — explain why kermit. we really thought the skull _ explain why kermit. we really thought the skull i _ explain why kermit. we really thought the skull i had - explain why kermit. we really thought the skull i had my - explain why kermit. we really i thought the skull i had my hand really— thought the skull i had my hand really looked like it had the same ijul really looked like it had the same hug eyes— really looked like it had the same bug eyes that kermit due to the eyelid _ bug eyes that kermit due to the eyelid bones in the eye socket. and due to _ eyelid bones in the eye socket. and due to some crushing term preservation we thought it gave it some _ preservation we thought it gave it some sort— preservation we thought it gave it some sort of lopsided smile and altogether looked like kermit, the muppet _ altogether looked like kermit, the muppet. we also thought we would like to— muppet. we also thought we would like to broaden the outreach of the audience _ like to broaden the outreach of the audience and show the audience some of the _ audience and show the audience some of the more _ audience and show the audience some of the more creative and interpretive aspects of science and

show _ interpretive aspects of science and show that — interpretive aspects of science and show that it's not unlike art which is also _ show that it's not unlike art which is also creative interpretive. we want _ is also creative interpretive. we want to — is also creative interpretive. we want to expand the different ways that people can relate to science. has it _ that people can relate to science. has it worked, are you finding her new it is getting a lot of attention?— new it is getting a lot of attention? ., �*, , ., ., attention? so far it's been amazing -- kermit getting _ attention? so far it's been amazing -- kermit getting a _ attention? so far it's been amazing -- kermit getting a lot _ attention? so far it's been amazing -- kermit getting a lot of - —— kermit getting a lot of attention. -- kermit getting a lot of attention-— -- kermit getting a lot of attention. . ., ., , ., ~ attention. ar'an, do you think there is a problem’— attention. arjan, do you think there is a problem after _ attention. arjan, do you think there is a problem after childhood - attention. arjan, do you think there is a problem after childhood we - attention. arjan, do you think there | is a problem after childhood we lose interest in dinosaurs and palaeontology?- interest in dinosaurs and palaeontology? interest in dinosaurs and ”alaeontolo ? , ~ ., palaeontology? yes, i think that palaeontology — palaeontology? yes, i think that palaeontology and _ palaeontology? yes, i think that palaeontology and natural - palaeontology? yes, i think that | palaeontology and natural history palaeontology? yes, i think that i palaeontology and natural history is a wonder and an expiration of her natural world. a wonder and an expiration of her naturalworld. it a wonder and an expiration of her natural world. it really does provide a connection. i think palaeontologists have this childlike interest that never ceased into adulthood one of our goals as researchers is to get the public in gauge whether it be through new fossils or pop culture like kermit to understanding the natural world in developing an appreciation for it. that's the importance of museums in this day and age, really trying to push an appreciation for the

natural world and fossils. ar'an, calvin, natural world and fossils. ar'an, calm, thanki natural world and fossils. ar'an, calvin, thank you i natural world and fossils. ar'an, calvin, thank you for i natural world and fossils. ar'an, calvin, thank you for telling h natural world and fossils. arjan, calvin, thank you for telling us i calvin, thank you for telling us about your discovery. let's turn to some happy news out of greece now, where an endangered pygmy hippopotamus has been born at athens zoo. is adorable. here's the newborn hippo, enjoying bathtime with its carers. pygmy hippos are native to swamps and rainforests in western africa, but are listed as an endangered species and it is estimated that fewer than 2,500 are living in the wild. here's the vet at athen's zoo, on how important this birth is for the conservation of the species. we're absolutely thrilled, not only because it's very endangered species but also because it's a boy. every captive worth of hit two pygmy hippos is important for them were very happy to see this baby grow into a healthy adult hippo. and

hopefully when they reproduce more pygmy hippos. the newborn's parents — lizzie and jamal and are the only other pygmy hippos at athens zoo, and it's not yet been decided what their son will be called. the calf weighed in at 7 kilograms — that's just a little over 15 pounds — and staff at the zoo are happy with his progress so far. an ai tool being tested in scotland has identified tiny breast cancer tumours in 11 women, which had been missed by doctors. the technology was piloted alongside national health service clinicians and analysed the mammograms of more than 10,000 women. our technology editor zoe kleinmann has more details. so this is one of the extra cancers that was picked up by the ai. that is so tiny. yes, it is, indeed. and you can see why two human readers would have just looked through, compared it, it looks very much the same, and would have

said that that's normal. here in aberdeen, dr gerald lip has just led the first nhs evaluation of an artificial intelligence tool called mia, designed to help improve breast cancer diagnosis. the initial results are encouraging. it's almost like another colleague, and someone, a second, sort of second opinion looking over your shoulder and helping you. so one human reader and ai doing the next read, we could move our turnaround time from 14 days down to three days. and you know that anxiety, you've had a mammogram or any test in the hospital, i've had tests. you're kind of waiting on that result and you want to know it as soon as you can. barbara's cancer was so tiny, dr lipp and his team didn't spot it, but mia did. i'm just incredibly grateful. if i hadn't had that, then i don't know when i would have found it. the early diagnosis meant that barbara needed shorter and less invasive treatments. she told me without ai, her tumour might not have been spotted for another three years at her next routine scan, by which point it would have been a lot bigger and might have spread. you say cancer and they say,

"oh, i'm so sorry." and i felt a fraud because it was so small. it'sjust so easy. there's no extra appointment or anything. and then when you have the operation, it's at a very early stage. so it's minimal compared to what it could be. ai is good at this when it's properly trained to spot early, tiny symptoms of a specific disease. but this isn't perfect yet. it has a tendency to over—diagnose. and also because of current health guidelines, it's not allowed to learn on the job and evolve as it's used. right now, this tech is still being researched. mia was built by the medicalfirm kheiron and runs on computing power from microsoft. it was fed millions of images of scans from women around the world to enable it to recognise specific signs of potential breast cancer. currently, human specialists analyse up to 10,000 scans per year. the hope is that al tech like mia might one day reduce that workload and the strain that goes with it. zoe kleinman, bbc news. now he was an hour late for an organised dig — with a metal detector that was barely working.

but 67 year old richard brock in shropshire has found what's thought be the largest gold nugget ever discovered in england. the nugget, which weighs almost 65 grams, is expected sell at auction for between twenty and thirty thousand pounds. we spoke to the auctioneer. we've had nothing like it before. so we've sold some weird and wonderful things in the past, but. and, yeah, gold. we've handled gold before, but usually in the form of a ring orjewellery or coins, which are far more common. but this is certainly a one—off for us and very excited to have it with us. what's red, black, and hairy all over? a new species of bug found in australia, dubbed by some as a "punk beetle" for its shaggy white locks. here it is. a queensland researcherjames tweed spotted the fluffy specimen by chance while camping and initially mistook it for... bird poo. thankfullyjames did a double take, and realised it was in fact

an insect unlike any he'd seen before. it's about one centimetre long and covered in long, fluffy white hairs. he posted pictures of the beetle to a facebook group of bug buffs, but no one knew what it was. that's when he took it to commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisation, and they confirmed it was something they'd never seen before. and unlike every other creature in australia, apparently it won't try to kill you. the french president macron sparked social media buzz by posting this official image on instagram. there he is — hitting a punching bag with teeth gritted and biceps bulging. the photo has been met with a mixture of praise and consternation. but it seems like he is not the only leader eager to show his tough side. canadaian prime minister justin trudeau happily posed semi—naked for the cameras in 2012. he was just a parliament memberthen, boxing with his political opponent for charity.

and speaking of shirtless. this is, probably, one of the most famous portraits of russian leader vladimir putin. riding a horse during his fishing trip back in 2009. horses have been long associated with masculinity and status. stay with us here on bbc news. good evening. there have been mixed fortunes across the country once again today for much of central and southern england. it stayed largely fine and dry with glimpses of sunshine, in fact, in london once again, we had temperatures into the mid—teens so you could get out and enjoy the beautiful cherry blossom that we've got at the moment. it was a different story, however, further north and west, the rain not too heavy, but it was a nuisance, as you can see from lancashire just a few hours ago. now, this weather front will continue to sink its way south and east, clearing the southeast during friday and then behind it under this influence of low pressure.

a cooler story is set to dominate, so it will be a rather murky start with some light, drizzly rain pushing its way southeast behind it somewhat brighter with a rash of showers and gale force gusts of winds to the far north. so, we could see that frontjust lingering across the kent coast during the afternoon. but a brighter story across england and wales, few isolated showers, but look at the difference in the temperature. notably cooler feel out there. further showers into northern ireland and scotland accompanied by gales, perhaps severe gales across the northern isle. so that really will make it feel quite chilly here. and some of those showers will start to turn quite wintry to higher ground. low pressure drifts its way steadily east. the winds remain tightly packed with those isobars for the start of saturday. and that weather front will continue to enhance the showers. so a chilly start to the weekend, low single figures in many rural spots and there will be some showers from the word go across scotland and northern ireland.

these will, yes, be of snow to higher ground and will then get to see some showers developing across england and wales. some of these heavy with some hail and maybe some thunder mixed in there as well. and temperatures will remain on the cool side. gusty winds, 35 to 45 miles an hour and temperatures down on where they should be really for this time of year. a brief ridge of high pressure for sunday quiets things down, but not for long. low pressure once again set to return into next week, keeping things again quite cool for this time of year and unsettled. so yes, sunday the better of the two days through the weekend, but there's further showers or longer spells of rain and temperatures a little bit below par as we head towards easter weekend.

hello, i'm lewis vaughanjones. you're watching the context on bbc news. as set out in our complaint, apple has maintained its power not because of its superiority, but because of its unlawful exclusionary behaviour. many people like apple products because they market themselves, their brand is that they are simple to use, but it is that simplicity and its own business model that is now being challenged by this lawsuit. it looks like a massive and from the frontal attack on apples most

profitable business lines. the us is accusing apple of using illegal practices to crush competition in the smartphone market. we'll look at what it all means. also on the programme... us secretary of state antony blinken is in cairo and says gaps are narrowing between the two sides when it comes to ceasefire between israel and hamas. in the uk — women who say they weren't told about the rise in pension age should get compensation, says a new report. and talking to computer games, uber eats coding and james blunt lyrics. all coming up in al decoded. the us is accusing it of monopolising the smartphone market and crushing competition. apple denies the claims. it says it will "vigorously" fight the lawsuit.