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thank god i'm not on facebook any way. anderson cooper, 360 from rome starts right now. thanks very much. good morning, everybody on what has been an extraordinary day in roam. we'll have complete coverage. there is breaking news at this hour involving a cardinal down the street behind me. cardinal mahoney of los angeles. the church settled four lawsuits against a diocese he ran. four men abused boys collecting nearly $10 million total. they were abused by a priest during the '70s. six years ago, he pled guilty to molesting boys. he did time. he's not alone. nor is cardinal maloney accused of protecting criminals.

several are here in rome spending another day to select a pope. their own means of communication, the color of smoke from the ballots they burn. the chemicals they add to let the world know whether they have a pope or not. the first ballots burned and the answer went up in smoke, black smoke, no decision. the field is narrowed so much, a handful of men went to bed thinking it could be me or it might actually be me. a mind blowing way to end a day that was historic and fascinating from the start. into st. peter's they came. one of these cardinals would be pope and the men who would choose him. side by side, step by step, some vital, some feeble toward a mass not seen in eight years, since the last pope was elected at a moment not seen in 598 years.

the succession of one living pope by another. a mass for cardinals but also the masses. people waiting hours to get in waiting for a ceremony that last time was given by a man who arrived as a cardinal and emerged as a pope. >> translator: the beloved benedict xvi who we give all of our gratitude. >> applause and praise that benedict did not hear, at least not in person. he's in seclusion at the papal summer residence. as for the man praising him, cardinal anglo sedano, the dean of cardinals over 80 too old to help choose a pope or in all likelihood to be chosen himself. who among them might be? those who say publicly don't really know. those who might know, the cardinals they left st. peters.

one last moment, in plain view, retreated inside the sistine chapel where they took an oath. then, uttering extra on this outside all the vatican official closed the doors and the cardinals got to work. all day, people waited in the rain for the mass for the cardinals for a chance to see, perhaps, a new pope. >> i think it's wonderful. i think benedict was a great pope. everyone is excited to see who the next pope will be with great anticipati anticipation. how different and how much the same he will be. >> as the evening deepened, all eyes on the stove that would signal white smoke for a pope and black for not. >> if we got white smoke, i would be stunned. >> poetic perhaps. not to be. against a dim, night sky, the answer this time, was plain as

day. joining me is vatican spokesperson, father tom, our vatican analyst, john allen. good to have you with us. you were in the sistine chapel today. >> it was an incredible experience. i went in and was allowed to be there for the beginning of the concave ritual. there were ten of us. it was a remarkable experience to be there, the sight, the people coming in, the cardinals, the music, watching the swearing of the oath. then we were all thrown out at the end. >> as everyone was. what happens now, john allen? we saw the black smoke. there's no debating or discussion during the votes inside the chapel. it's happening tonight. >> right. what happens in the sistine chapel is more like going to church than a political convention. it's highly ceremonial. most of the time, it's eaten up by the choreography of casting

ballots. each cardinal goes up individually, deposits his ballot. it happens 115 times. there are 115 electors. each ballot takes wan hour to hour and a half. if you do two in the morning and two in the afternoon, that's the day. the politics don't unfold in the sistine chapel. they unfold in the hotel on vatican grounds where the cardinals are staying. breakfast, lunch, dinner, during the down time, it's where they will have conversations about who seems to have legs as a candidate. that kind of thing. >> you have talked to cardinals in the past who have gone through this procedure. how frank where the discussions happening? >> these conversations are remarkably frank. this is not attack ad politics but they are extraordinarily conscious of how much hinges on

this. in these private settles, ones, twos, tens and 20s, names will come up. it's not just this guy will be a great pope. there will be talk about why he may not be cut out for the job. >> people who are antiestablishment or want change within the inner workers of the vatican, do you think too much is made of that? >> i hope at this conclave and the meetings that took place last week into monday, there should be some of the locals and some of the italians or romans that should be concerned. this is not a roman operation though it's here in italy. it's an international operation. everyone has on interest in the good functioning of the system. cardinals, more and more, because they have a vested interest should be concerned. when leaks happened, it's not just something for italy, the

cardinals in the most remote part of the world should be concerned. it reflects all of us. it should affect all of us. cardinals all have an interest and responsibility with a good functioning of this. >> abc news is reporting cardinal dolan in a letter to his priest said he thinks there will be a selection by thursday evening. >> i hope so. i don't have inside information, but i hope so. for two reasons, they went into the conclave with good information, good data. they had a profile traced by the discussion. secondly, a positive sign of unity of a shared concern and of a shared direction. if this is something that is protracted, dragged on, they should be concerned. the world would be concerned with this as well. >> it's fascinating to watch. it's so -- i was sitting here with john allen earlier. to watch the entire world

watching this little hype, this chimney. >> did you see how many people showed up tonight in the freezing cold weather. everybody could have said this is going to be black smoke. there was a sense of interest. it's not just catholics and which i say chans in the crowd. >> there's a joyousness. in past times -- >> a funeral. >> there was a sadness, obviously. i was here eight years ago. there's a real joy here. there was not a funeral. there's excitement over what direction this moves for the church. >> i talked to many, many people in the past month that i have been here. one thing that is constant from the beginning of the resignation, there's a desire, a hope for something new. what that is, i'm not sure. there's really an excitement. i link this, a bit, to the excitement and desire 50 years ago when the second vatican council was coming.

we'd like a new direction. a recommitment to the principals that was so important to the church. >> it is thrilling to be here. we heard becky anderson interview two americans. they were going to be leaving tomorrow and felt, you know, they were disappointed they didn't get to see the white smoke. >> what struck me very much in the sistine chapel, i didn't expect this. as each cardinal came forward to lay his hand on the book and say the oath, i was intrigued in the accents. i had my eyes closed. i heard the french way, the latin way, the english way. some of them struggling. that told me, this is an international reality. we are striving and struggling to have a common language. we are trying. we are linked together by this. i don't know why it moved me, but it really struck me. >> an exciting day and exciting

week as well. thank you so much father, appreciate it. well, let us know what you think about the day's events. follow me on twitte twitter @andersoncooper. two fathers are with me. how they kept the secret proceedings going on. we'll be back live in rome in a moment. a guide to good dipping.

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as we look at st. peter's basilica, there's breaking news. a multimillion dollar settlement in lawsuits. cardinal roger mahoney of los angeles. we are learning the church paid nearly $10 million to four men allegedly abused as young boys. some, including mahoney are down the street electing a pope. joining me now is rev rebd who left for the amiss ka pl church so he could marry. also father edward beck is here. father beck, i wonder, the news of the lawsuits, do you read anything into the timing of the

announcement of it and just a reminder of some of the issues the church is facing. >> obviously, it's a sad and terrible thing. there's no excuse for it. the lawyers did it to get maximum exposure for it. cardinal mahoney has been a controversial figure. some said he shouldn't come to the conclave at all. >> he's been released of official duties? >> that's correct. but not to vote for the pope. >> do you believe celibacy has anything to do with the sexual abuse scandals that rocked the church? >> i think it's been proven it doesn't. most sexual abuse happens with families, relatives and married people. that means marriage causes sexual abuse or being a boy scout leader. it's apples and oranges.

>> there's a lot of talk about the potential for reform. it means different things to different people. to you, what do you want to see happen when you hear about reform and talk about reform? >> well, it's interesting, anderson. i would say most modern roman catholics want a pope to speak to the 21st century. they want a pope that can dialogue with contemporary society, that can deal with the controversial issues the church prefers not to deal with, like human sexuality. there are so many things happening in the roman catholic world that alienate people. people who remarry and are told you cannot receive holy communi communion. people that are homosexual --

there are things that alienate them. we would like to see someone that can open their mind and heart and the church to the contemporary world. it started back in vatican, too. for the last 30 or 40 years we have seen a backward movement, not a movement toward the modern and contemporary society. >> father, for you, what does reform mean? >> well, if you want to begin with the sex abuse crisis, leadership taking responsibility for acting poorly. it also means to clean house and show the world that when you say zero tolerance, you mean zero tolerance. anyone accused of abuse or implicated in any way is removed and in some way punished. i think that is part of the reform. what he's talking about, there's a set of issues to talk about there. it doesn't mean that the pope or the church is not in the modern world if it doesn't agree with those perspectives.

the two don't necessarily have to be merged. >> in terms of the governance of the vatican itself, the beaurocracy, the scandal and questions about transparency, questions about the vatican and the role it plays. is that also part of it? >> i think so. there's no doubt people say pope benedict was not well served by those closest to him. >> those that run the vatican. >> right. definitely, i think people see a need for reform within that structure. >> father, what is going through your mind as you watch the coverage of the conclave, see the faithful gathered here in rome? >> i think there's a great hope in many people that a new pope can mean new ideas, new reforms. i also think that is entire

world, not just the roman catholic world wants to see a better roman catholic church. all of us, regardless of our denomination want the pope to do a good job. the world needs to know the good news. so many times, scandal, corruption, the darkness of the human condition, the result of sin, becomes the headlines every day. we are seeing this thing with cardinal mahoney. i think it's unfair what's happening to him. i don't think he's acted differently than any other cardinal or bishop. they have all participated, to a great extent in the cover up. the fact is that's how the church operates. they operate in secret. it's a generalization. >> you are saying every cardinal in the world acted that way? it's not true, albert. where do you get your

statistics? >> what we know about what cardinal mahoney did and the thousands of pages of documents, he was counseling priests, telling them not to go to therapy because the therapist might have to reveal what they did to law enforcement. he was telling priests not to come back to los angeles because they might be then subjected to lawsuits or subjected to law enforcement. you are saying you believe most cardinals, most people in leadership positions were counseling priests the same thing? >> i think when cardinal mahoney spoke of his behavior in the '80s and he was sincere, he said he did not know how to deal with pedophiles and didn't know how to deal with the priests. most issues he spoke of in public, most have not been confronted with and have not

been told you deal with the issues you covered up. in my work in the media, 11 years i worked in roman catholic work, throughout latin america, most bishops and cardinals have participated in the behavior we are saying he was responsible for. i think it's unfair to pinpoint him because this is something the entire church has participated in, especially members of the hierarchy who did not know how to deal with it. >> right now, here in rome, everybody is talking about cardinal o'malley who went in after cardinal law, who did a miserable job, cleaned house and began a reform in that archdiocese based on what he had seen. there's an example right there of someone who could be our next pope who took this issue seriously.

>> father? >> well, i think the world of of cardinal mahoney and of cardinal o'mall o'malley. they are all men of the church. i think the church invited people. this is well documented with the founder that the church knew of these things and didn't want to talk about it and didn't want to say it because they wanted to protect the image of the church. the church needs to own up to what is going on. priests, in many parts of the world are frustrated. they don't see vatican two as something that is a priority anymore. it's something of the past. they would like to see more women in positions of leadership and see a church that speaks to the 21st century in a new way. that had not been happening. to deny that is to deny reality. the church is not opening up to the contemporary world. >> certainly transparency is something a lot of people talk

about that they would like to see more from this vatican. >> granted. i think that certainly is true. every institution has dealt with this issue. the statistics are 4% of priests. 96% did not abuse. in the general population, 4% abused. should we expect more of the church? yes. we are ministers of god. should we have acted differently? certainly. to cast this on it as if it's worse, far worse than any institution is simply wrong, if you look at the facts. >> we are going to have to leave it there. i appreciate it. thank you for being with us. up next, a lot from rome's security lockdown. the vatican may not be as tight as you think. there are ways secrets could slip out. a stand off in oregon between police and a man accused of killing his grandparents, stealing their car. the latest on that when we continue. we'll be right back.

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hey, welcome back. we are live from rome. it is endlessly fascinating, smoke signals. the vatican has a serious television operation. as a spokesman, pope benedict tweeted. when the moment arrives to let the world know the church has a new leader, someone lights a fire, protecting a ritual calls for modern measures. even they might not be enough. tom explains. >> reporter: with worldwide media swirling and one imposterer, he got close enough to shake a cardinal's hand, extraordinary measures have been

taken to protect the conclave. the cardinals have taken a vow of secrecy. here is a way the code could be cracked. first, the russian gamette. no one is allowed to have a cell phone or blackberry. cardinals are tweetless. the room has been swept for electronic bugs. security experts point out every item brought in from clothing to furniture to the stoves to burn the ballots would carry a spy device. the u.s. had to rebuild a brand-new embassy in moscow after many bugs were found in the architecture and fixtures. they can keep the electronic threat to a minimum. cnns mike brooks. >> they have that wrapped up. they have gone over those pieces with a fine tooth comb to make sure nothing is embedded. >> what about the connection?

the cardinals deliberate by themselves and sleep 100 yards away. they need food, water, supplies and medical care. each person who provides it presents a leak. >> they are threatened with excommunication from the xhur ch. are they willing to give awacey credits, if you will, while facing excommunication? that remains to be seen. >> reporter: finally, the inside man. remember, the oath of secrecy is standard. after pope benedict one unnamed cardinal leaked informer about the top ten. the church would like to avoid such an embarrassment, again. anderson? >> tom, thanks very much. let's get caught up on other stories. isha is here with more.

>> police surrounded an oregon hotel where a man is holed up. he's accused of killing his grandparents in washington state. after they hosted a party over the weekend, welcoming him home from prison where he served time for burglary. a plea of not guilty for james holmes. they weren't ready to enter a plea. that's after they filed court documents suggesting they might enter a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity for the july shooting spree that left 12 people dead. signs that ancient mars could have supported life. they drilled into a rock and found oxygen, hydrogen and other ingredients for microbes to thrive in. >> fans of twinkies, your worries are over. the snacks could be back on the store shelves by this summer after two private equity firms

agreed to buy them for $410 million. good news for you there, while you are in rome. >> i guess. thanks very much. coming up, president obama has been reaching out to republicans. as you know, several events including a dinner with gop senators. is this an attempt to break the budget gridlock? one official calls it a waste of everyone's time. the white house responded to that today. we'll get to the raw politics next. i love to eat. i love hanging out with my friends. i have a great fit with my dentures. i love kiwis. i've always had that issue with the seeds getting under my denture. super poligrip free -- it creates a seal of the dentures in my mouth. even well-fitting dentures let in food particles. super poligrip is zinc free. with just a few dabs, it's clinically proven to seal out more food particles so you're more comfortable and confident while you eat.

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president obama's charm offensive. amid gridlock on budget issues, the president's been reaching out to republicans meeting with a dozen gop senators last week, having lunch with paul ryan. an article national journal questions whether it's a genuine

outreach. that article includes this from a senior white house official quoted as saying, quote, this is a joke. we are wasting the president's time and hours. i hope you all and the media are happy. we are doing it for you. they asked jay carney about that quote. here is what he said. >> i have no idea who said that. i can tell you, that opinion has never been voiced in my presence, in the president's presence in the west wing. it does not represent the president's view or the white house's view or the administrations view. >> joining me to talk about it is david gergen and margaret hoover and editor of the daily beast. david, if this outreach from the president, the dinners to the capital, if it's symbolic, is there an importance to that symboli symbolism? >> there's great importance to this. there are cynics in the white

house press corps who think it's a joke. the president deserves the benefit of the doubt. he was frustrated. congress was working. popularity going down. give him credit for trying. see how it turns out. if, down the road, the president presents a budget that is unacceptable to republicans and he turns on the republicans and goes back into campaign mode, then we have a right to be cynical about the exercise. for now, he deserves the benefit of the doubt. >> peter, do you see it as a big show, a joke? >> the kindest interpretation is there may be some evidence that the republicans don't know how far the white house is actually willing to go in terms of compromise. there's an interesting report that a republican, a prominent republican said the white house never agreed in negotiations with john boehner to change the

inflation index, which determines how fast government programs grow. in fact, on the white house website, it says they have a need to do that. i think the most generous interpretation is that obama has a better case to make about how much he's willing to compromise than some republicans realize. >> margaret, as a republican, how do you see it? is progress being made? >> the president going to the hill is progress. the president sitting down with paul ryan at the white house for the first time ever is progress. some republicans think it's really genuine. i guess there have been follow up made by the white house chief of staff following up on the president's calls and initial conversation. all of this is good. you have to keep in mind how poisoned the well has been. the president's strategy has been demonizing house republicans. that's a strategy. you can see why republicans are cautious about this.

i think that may be a stretch too far. the other thing that is important to remember, tone comes from the talk. what republicans need to see, too, is the president's deputies and senior staff reiterating this good will. when you have dan pfeiffer go on television, the white house communique tor, it doesn't reverberate this good will, it undermines the president's tone. take it . >> it is an incredible sign of the times that any kind of outreach, having a meal with a republican for a democratic president to have a meal with republicans is seen as outreach or schmoozing or it's a huge news story. >> absolutely. i think that is. i think there's been a recognition on part of white house aids, not everybody that they were too red sent.

they held back too much and did not spend enough time. one recalls, anderson, in a robert carol book on lyndon johnson, as a democratic president, he called a republican leader almost every day at 5:00. they talked for a half hour. it made a huge difference. they reconciled their differences on the civil rights of '64 and '65. it made a difference in building a supermajority and republican support. it's not happened with this white house. it's been a weakness with this white house. again, if they are trying to make up for it now, let's applaud them. right on. the country needs what you are doing now. >> peter, has there been outreach by republicans toward the white house? is it all just have to be a one-way street? >> there's some positive noises from republicans. the question is, what leverage does the president have over republicans? it's a very strange moment.

most republican members of congress are more worried about their right flank than their left flank. most americans think they are too extreme, they are worried about tea party primary challenges. this phenomenon to republicans scared so many people it makes it very difficult to go and agree to the increased revenue obama is demanding especially when they did it last time. i hope they do it. i think the environment is tougher than previous eras. >> all of this, this entire effort is trying to soften the ground for a different approach and negotiations. this is not going to be back room deals between the president and republicans. this is going to happen through regular order. the senate is going to pass something. they are going to meet in conference. the president is not going to have an active hand in this like in the past. >> at some point he has to lead. he has to put things on the table and he's not done it in a

serious way. >> i don't think it's fair. he put the question about the inflation index which allows it to go slower. he hasn't gotten as much credit as he deserves. >> we have to leave it there. thanks very much. a classic study about gender bias outdated? we got surprising results. what we found about women and power. also facts about the conclave. things that will make you sound smarter. we'll be right back. i'm telling you right now, the girl back at home would absolutely not have taken a zip line in the jungle. (screams) i'm really glad that girl stayed at home. vo: expedia helps 30 million travelers a month find what they're looking for. one traveler at a time. expedia. find yours.

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welcome back, we are live in rome. we'll have more on the conclave events in a moment. cnn is looking at what is preventing women from reaching the top jobs in their fields. sheryl suggests women themselves may be partly to blame for holding themselves back. it's a controversial idea. she talks about barriers they

face. she writes, when a man is successful, he's liked by men and women. when a woman is successful, people of both genders like he less. it's why women hold themselves back. she sights an experiment done a decade ago. they revealed a case study of a live entrepreneur. half the students read hide di-'s story, the other read it with her name changed to howard. >> the good news was the students, men and women thought heidi and howard were equally camp tent. the bad news is everyone liked howard. he's a great guy, you want to spend the day fishing with him. heidi, not so sure. she's out for herself. she's political. >> it's a powerful example. a staple, we wondered if the

results would be the same today if the experiment was done. we decided to rerun it at new york university school of business. watch. >> find your name and take a seat. >> these business students are about to participate in an experiment. >> thank you. thank you, come in. >> the goal to find out whether powerful men and women are viewed differently. >> you have been given a case. read the case. you will see a separate form under it that has questions we would like you to answer about the case. >> this half is reading about martin. the other half about kathryn. the students don't know, it's the exact same person. the difference, their gender. >> take out the answer sheet. those six questions. some of them ask on a scale of 1 to 10, how much they liked their executive. one to ten, how much they trusted the executive. would they work for their

executive. likability. >> 8.0 fwr kathryn. how about martin? 7.6. >> the female executive was more likable. the complete opposite of the original experiment done a decade ago. when it came to whether the students would want to work for the student versus the man -- >> 83% for kathryn. martin, 65% would want to work for him. that, i think is a significant difference, right? >> again, in 2013, the woman came out on top. another sign of progress. when it came to the question of trust, everything changed. trust. what are the results. kathryn, 6.4. seems low. what about martin? >> 7.8. >> uh-oh. what is that about. >> when it comes to women being successful, i don't think they are as trustworthy as if men were successful. i think men would be -- men tend

to seem more genuine. as women become more successful, they have anal tier yor motive. >> we have a lot of pressures to fulfill roles in our lives and we have more hats. when we try to succeed in business, it comes across as trying too hard and we become untrustworthy. men don't have those stigmas. they have different responsibilitie responsibilities. >> the students trusted the powerful man more than the powerful woman. then things got heated when asked about women as a potential threat. >> women here, do you expect to be in leadership positions. a show of hands. that's why you are here, right? men, do you feel threatened by that? >> the only place is that good looking girls often get positions other people don't. that's all i'll say. if you are very attractive, you

can hand a good job. just because you are really attractive. >> do you have facts to back that? maybe she's honestly smarter than you and that's why she got the job. >> just so you know -- >> i know. it's not personal, either. i'm using you as reference. hot chick? >> hot chick. >> beautiful woman. >> ten years after the original experiment, there's progress. in the business world, it is clear women still have a long way to go. joy has reached the top in her field. editor and chief of "cosmo poll tan." many of her readers are just starting out in their career. she joins me tonight. when you see the results of this experiment we conducted, what do you make of it?

do you see signs of progress? >> when i first heard of the experiment, i didn't believe sheryl. i went and looked at the research myself. it suggests a bit of progress, but not much. we know there's not enough progress. there's not enough women in board rooms and senior managerment. the crazy thing is all the research shows a business will run better and be more successful if you have a senior executive group that reflects the population. >> we interviewed heidi, the female executive who was part of the original study and also this new study. here is what she said. >> i think there definitely has been progress for women in leadership positions. i see it here with the number of women with senior positions at the technology companies and women rising through the ranks. the thing that is disturbing is at the top, i feel there is a lot of work to be done. i mean, if you take me as an

example, i'm on six boards, two public and four private. i'm the only woman. we have a lot of work to be done. >> where do you think the most work is to be done? >> in helping women go up the corporate ladder. i mean, if you think of it as a ladder or a jungle gym in the way we lead our careers now. what's extraordinary about what heidi says is that there are so few women we know who they are. they get extraordinary publicity, which is sometimes unwanted. marissa mayer gets attention. it's not a great way to encourage women to stay in the work force when they have children. >> you are talking extraordinary. sheryl is getting a lot of publicity right now because of the book she's written, the controversy. it's causing.

do you see a double standard? she talks of a double standard she's held to. she's called aggressive where a man wouldn't be called aggressive in the same situation. >> there is a double standard. she's criticized for being elitist. she dared go to harvard from a public school. she's made a lot of money. very sensibly working at google and facebook at times where she could make a lot of money. this is somehow being held against her as if she doesn't have a right to talk to other women in the work force. no one says that about successful men who are expected to write a memoir and tell the rest of us how to do it. no one says jack welch was so successful he's unrelatable. it's a huge double standard. it's huge that we address it. >> great to have you on. thanks so much. >> my pleasure. >> we'll continue this discussion throughout the week. the conclave is full of interesting facts throughout the

course of time. for instance, pope gregory x was in. it took them eight days. they were only allowed to have bread, water and wine until they reached a decision. more on this when we return. ♪ you know my heart burns for you... ♪ i'm up next, but now i'm singing the heartburn blues. hold on, prilosec isn't for fast relief. cue up alka-seltzer. it stops heartburn fast. ♪ oh what a relief it is!

the papal conclave in rome is rich with history. i want to gif you a bit of the fascinatin