could see the glacier as the scientists were telling us how it was moving. and it was coming into the sea. and that agricultural omissions can we take our instruments in space with regard to agriculture very seriously. we can tell them what that moisture content of your soil put what you ought to be planted. -plan for the drought that is coming. how much water you want to reserve? what kind of crop ought you planted on this soil with this moisture content? that is all part of what we are going to announce today. thanks. >> thank you. as you can see we have a lot of exciting things to talk about today. karen, i wanted to get to you. earlier this year we lost our pace mission. last week we got to see those exciting images and we have a new visualization were going to

show today but if you could just tell us why that is so important and little bit more about pace? >> thank you so much. we are super excited for the pace launch more excited just a few weeks later just in the first day that coming out of the nation. we just released data to the science community. which is really where the power of these observations begins to be unleashed. pace is a mission that measures some of the tiniest things that have some of the greatest impact. in the oceans, phytoplankton are small plants like organisms that are some of the earliest organisms on earth. there's hundreds of thousands of types of phytoplankton. they form the base of the food web in our ocean. they also are responsible for

taking carbon dioxide out of our atmosphere. carbon dioxide combines the nutrients in the water in the sun's light creates the plant matter itself for that's how the plants to grow but it also releases oxygen into our atmosphere. and the other think pace observes is aerosols in the atmosphere. aerosols come from a lot of different sources. from smoke from wildfires. or dust blowing off the sahara. aerosols in our atmosphere trigger -- mccormick nucleus for clouds. they reflect the sun's light. they can form the nutrients that phytoplankton need to eat and grow.

it mapping and great detail the color and we are going to zoom in here. this is the measure of chlorophyll, the component of the plan and the sims energy into plant matter but can see not just testing things are going for what kinds of things. we are showing different types

and they behave different andy environment. they can detect things like smoke and the types of aerosol any attributes and characteristics matter a lot when we talk about how much sunlight they reflect and so forth so this unprecedented the tiniest critters in the ocean but they play an enormous role in fisheries and human health and our everyday lives. >>s great question.

the visual it shows how biology in the physical movement, how those work together to drive phytoplankton into other regions and that's where they are.

more about that. >> if you want to go on the web but what is important is what we do at nasa and help users get the right data in the right time. but the important thing is we got our 25 missions on orbit and international partners at the commercial base so we have this unprecedented view. when you add the amazing things like in the technology world machine learning we can answer the high level.

if you ever made a fire and how it turns. but they needed in different ways. how much water they need and take satellite data to give a field level and how much water. but the firefighting so we do

provide matters as we assess them ahead of time and during the fire itself we will attract rotavirus and then we look at the intensity of fire and destroyed all this and restore those areas. working disaster, even energy and other things. we want to coproduce those. >> you mentioned earlier and i

was wondering if you don't mind. >> this is an exciting announcement us. of course much what we do we see the whole globe but we perform signs at multiple levels including aircraft. operating at the local scale. it can be really important to understand what our satellites are seen. and it is for the best idea on

the airborne campaign, science questions and what instruments we should use to go after those questions. over the course of the decade overtime some of them have one experiment so i'll walk quickly through with a little more detail. the change in weather patterns also changes in the ways water flows across our landscape.

the door flow of alaska so beating these observations to the changes of the river and one of the cool things is not just aircraft but helicopters and drones. the second one is looking at a wildfire created zero, over the

western united states and the third one going after urban air pollution will be led by the research center and it will capitalize on another launch we had recently. really understanding what can affect human health and how we can get better at forecasting those and informing public health policies. in more and more these changes in weather patterns we are seeing are also changing the landscape itself.

in the precipitation comes and received these landslides and change the shape of our earth. where the shipping plans the laboratory and rainfall and how they affect the rocks and devastation. and it's really important. the fifth one we are looking at the university of arizona.

to really understand. the rate of flow. the last one we focus on will be run by the spaceflight center and greenhouse gases and other emissions and absorption him armenta. so it's very different and over a number of years and how we put it into action. >> it is so important for this

on everyday people. i wanted to hear from each of you. >> i remember two things. personal the complete different perspective on apollo eight and they were coming from the backside and all of a sudden they are coming back in two sunlight and they see earth. shouting at the top of his lungs, look at that, look at that. where's my camera, where's my

camera? from their we have the perspective of our planet which is beautiful, colored. then i think of one of our early space missions which is a far reach of solar system and we got spacecraft space and communicating and hours. spacecraft is starting to go in the outer reaches so we decide to turn the camera around and it

described as pale blue. that is the plan. the only planet we have so that's why we are trying to offer nasa and other agencies to give us information so we can be better stewards. >> well, i can't top that, boss. i will say, i love birthday. i was talking with a group of students this morning.

i think it's a shame only one birthday a year but there's a sunday every week. it an opportunity to show people should the earth as we see it space and you talk about how beautiful our earth is and it surely is but only get more beautiful when you understand how it works. that is the beauty so when we get to share that with many more people and when i go down to the information center and opening museum of history and kennedy

space center caucasus one way can show what we see and for me it's about hope because folks know climate is changing and one thing we want to do is say what we understand what's happening, we can make decisions in a community can learn is a community that can adapt, they continue to thrive and that is what i'm hopeful about. >> thinking about earth day is a time to reflect on the planet is just changing but i feel like we

have the tools and knowledge and wherewithal not only with the change that's already happened but also trying to make the world a better place. when i have children, i think about it all the time and am hopeful because even in my life we've addressed these challenges, we were worried about whales, who were also worried, all these things were we see progress. >> think we do have some questions so i will start with one and telling how what we are doing right now impactful in the future. >> go to earth.gov.

there is a compilation that will give you up-to-date information perspective of what's happening with everything we've been talking about. most of the on earth.gov. i think this plays into earth day which birthday is everyday so starting with current information which no becomes a part of earth that will fit. >> i know you kind of, how long?

>> years. he is nasa got in as a result of that recognition. it's not just about going out there, it's the our planet in a new way you talked, rise to this notion we can study how land is changing so one of the pieces of space to study earth so 50 to 60 years or both of those we have added along the way many aspects. >> one of the fun things we did

looked at i think even in the 80s and we gone from pictures of the two try to understand two fundamental measurements and then you get to starting to really understand now today we have data coverage in all areas of the deep part of the earth and we got the tools to interpret that what it means. so it's an exciting time about where it's going to go next. >> and just hearing about those

are these projects that we are announcing, how are those lenses transforming? >> as were talking, or thinking about when i was a graduate student should i say your? guess i will. why not? in the early '90s we launched the first, this is satellite that bounces off the ocean surface and back to satellite and by that time of like it's measured very precisely the level of the ocean. we lost the first and early 90s and i played a small role in the calibration of validation of that mission. thirty years later i started this job in my first lunch was

of those from that record now understand 30 years of what's happened with the level. prior to that we had coastal we not only happen measuring for 30 years but we have a complement drink mission money gravity mission which tells us how much of little rise water leaving glaciers getting out into the ocean because we measure temperature, we know it's because the ocean is expanding

as it warms the diversity of these observations satellite gives us a view of rogers what's happening but why a company. you know it because we measure it and that is incredibly powerful. >> we have made tremendous advances. if you go to earth.gov, one thing you can go into the amazing data and even a touch screen you can scroll. we have other portals out there and we work with the other agencies and take the satellite data. to fill in the gap, we buy commercial data and areas we have a lot october that and we

spent a lot of time trying to all that together to get as much out as we can. >> you mentioned some other government agencies you work with, i wondered the missions we have coming up is it so important to partner with other agencies? >> we all inhabit the earth. to look and calibrate changes in the earth surface, we do that is a joint project, a combination of a dozen instruments in space for giving us the great

observatory. another reference and then what we are going to do become more sophisticated i'm all of this data into a 3d precise composite having to our planet and hopefully will have the end result of making us better. >> with earth science coming up will well today but what can we look forward to? >> i will build on these points. all right, this enterprise

understanding earth is one we undertake with countries around the world from of the most sophisticated radar we've ever launched and we will see changes come to less than half an inch the position of land which moves up and down, vegetation and they are very detailed. we'd not be able to do that will work with an international partner. that is critically important. >> slot, that will be a powerful tool.

we are going to be trying to understand while trying to do a better job and you will only see more and more. >> there was a child or someone asked me how can i make the greatest impact to protect the earth, what is that. >> i'll tell you, every decision you make impacts the earth. you turn the light switch, the little bit of co2 went the atmosphere. your part of the solution who can make that change. >> i agree with that, absolutely

it's not just important, it's exciting. it's fun. inspired by what they see and want to join us. >> we are all citizens, we all have a responsibility taking care of our homeland. >> i could not have ended on a better note so i want to thank you for joining us today, a lot of great and exciting missions. we are getting ready. ...

waiting for a senator to come to the floor to speak today members are considering work on extension tracking in the united states. the current fisa authorization will expire at midnight if the legislation is not passed apart on the other side of the capitol the house will be in session on saturday to vote on a series of foreign aid measures that will provide funds to ukraine, israel and taiwan. watch live coverage of those votes on c-span.

artillery and gunfire erupted in the capitol of sudan. smoke filled the air, people ran for their lives for it was the beginning of a vicious war between two armed factions. the saf sudanese armed forces in rs f the parent military rapid support forces. in that last year there is been absolutely devastation in sudan. at every turn, unarmed sudanese have been in the crosshairs. the armed groups have committed extrajudicial killings. they have indiscriminately indiscriminately bombedcivilian. they have used rape and sexual violence against women of certain ethnic groups as a

weapon of war. they have a raise cities and towns killing inhabitants and strangling commerce and trade. they have destroyed forced farmers to leave. they have alluded humanitarian supplies, attacked aid workers and blocked aid delivery. world food program sudan director said this could bring unprecedented levels of starvation. according to the united nations, more than 15000 people have been reported killed. with an additional 10 -- 15000 in one town alone. 8 million people fled their homes. 25 million including 14 million children need humanitarian assistance with very basic measures like food, water, medicine and clothing. the doctors without borders has said sudan is one of the worst crises the world has seen for

decades. as i speak the town is under siege. millions of civilians are trapped in that city which is controlled by the saf. the people in this town have no access to aid. the international community has no plan to protect them should the rs f mount a full-scale assault. my colleague and senate when senate foreign relations committee senator booker just came back from the region. he gave us a first-hand account of the hunger, the violence, the trauma of the sudanese people are facing. last week samantha power testified in front of senate foreign relations committee about the imminent. just this week the center for center forhuman rights release t concluding the rs f is committing genocide in sudan.

the evidence is clear and overwhelming. we must take action now. at this week's humanitarian conference in paris, the united states announce additional $100 million in aid to respond to the conflict. the united states has been the largest donor to date. the french are also saying they will raise more than 2 billion year old. money in place is not in hand however. we need all to do more. i am pleased when the senate passed a security funding supplemental it included more than $9 billion in additional humanitarian aid. part of the humanitarian aid would go to help the people of sudan. i know there is bipartisan support for humanitarian aid in congress. yet despite the rogue efforts of my colleagues on the appropriations committee foreign

assistance a budget for this year declined in some parts of the usa, usaid by as much as 10%. need to expand the pie not shrink it. otherwise we try to address one crisis we have to take another from an emergency circumstance. we should not have to choose from saving starving sudanese or starving gazans but we should not have to choose between helping haitians or helping ukrainians. every life is precious and every day we wait matters. i hope my colleagues in the house who are debating the supplemental funding bill understand that. there are so many reasons why they need to pass the supplemental i hope they would have taken our bill and pass that they now have a different formulation of it. i hope they will get to us as soon as possible.

the supplemental funding bill. depending on the supplemental of the amortization and support the need to defend themselves against russia. it's important for friends in the middle east, for it so it's important for the in the pacific. mr. president and is absolutely essential for the humanitarian aid that's included in that supplemental. the people of sudan. russia is relentlessly bombing and destroying ukraine's oil is running out ammunition. secretary of defense lloyd alston said ukraine's is in danger. any delay is means a security situation gets worse. just as the humanitarian situation gets worse. famine has been declared only twice in the past 13 years. gaza and sudan will be next unless we act.

on the famine prevention efforts have a good track record for 2017 we presented three out of four potential congress passed the supplemental appropriation bill. america's strength is in our values. the global community depends upon our leadership. our values and demand we do not stand by when people are starving. we have the capacity we certainly need to act and show we live by actions on our values. ultimately the only situation solution to the crisis of sudan is two sides to sit down and negotiate peace. the good stop the outside country support the chosen sides here and are adding to the civil war that's taking place. but in the meantime we must allow unfettered humanitarian

access mark the one-year anniversary of the conflict i want to say to the international communities to the biden administration, my view as chair of the senate foreign relations committee is we need to act now. we need other donors to step up and put their money where their mouth is now part when your support sudan's neighbors who are hosting countless refugees and now. we need diplomatic talks to end the war in sudan to resume it now. it is time to set a date. and finally to my colleagues in the house, you need to act now. to pass a supplemental appropriation bill that we sent to you in mid february. provide a lifeline to the millions of sudanese whose lives are on the line. i must not stand by idly and watch them perish. mr. president i urge us all to act without urgency.

i suggest the absence of a quorum. >> waiting for senator to come to the floor to speak for tonight members are continuing work on extension of the foreign intelligence surveillance act which allows for a warrantless tracking of noncitizens outside the united states. the current fisa authorization will expire at midnight at the legislation is not passed. the other side of the capitol of the house will be in session on saturday to vote on a series of foreign aid measures that will provide funds to ukraine, israel and taiwan. watch live coverage of those votes on c-span.

>> is about the extension of section 702 of the foreign surveillance act. that is the act under which we are able to spy on our adversaries, those individuals who intend to do our nation harm. it has been a great debate in great discussion among the members. in this body everyone is in agreement there have been unbelievable abuses by the fbi of access to foreign intelligence. the underlying bill of which there is broad support punishes the fbi. criminalize the fbi abuses. it limits and restricts the fbi access to foreign intelligence it further puts guardrails to punish the fbi. what is also in agreement on the house the floor is the protection of american civil liberties union. you have to have a warrant for this absolute constitutional protection of american data.

no one in this statute there is no place in the statute where america's data come at risk. the debate is not about flies. it's not spying on our adversaries the debate is about a warrant requirement and an amendment that has been offered by andy biggs. this amendment largely drafted by senator wyden cosponsored by elizabeth warren would come for the first time in history provide constitutional rights to our adversaries. it would provide constitutional rights to our enemies, no court, no law has ever come out of this body that would provide constitutional rights to our adversaries. we spy on hezbollah. we spy on hamas. we spy on the ayatollah. we spy on the communist party of china. this bill provides them constitutional protections to communicate with people in the united states to recruit them

for the purposes of being a terrorist. for being spies, and for doing espionage. the 911 perpetrators were in the united states and they were communicating with al qaeda. at that time we made a grave mistake and that we were not spying on al qaeda we did not see who they were communicating within the united states. we change that and begin to spy on al qaeda we got to see the extent to which they were recruiting people in the united states to do us harm. if this amendment passes, al qaeda look full constitutional protection to recruit in the united states the communist party will have full constitutional protection to recruit and united states. there'll be no increase protection of constitutional protections for americans and their data. the only data that would be, protect is that it located in al qaeda's inbox and the communists chinese inbox. how is it that that they become protected? this amendment would require you

have to have a warrant to look into commons chinese party data for the recruitment efforts that they are due within the united states. you would have to have evidence of a crime that is occurring in order to get that warranted. which means they will be blind sprayed that moment -- of this becomes law we will be blind and unable to look at what hezbollah is doing in the united states for what hamas is doing in the united states, with the calmest parties doing in the united states. there is no additional protections in this amendment for americans. americans is still a full constitutional protection of their own data but let me give you an example of how this works under their amendment. we are spying on hamas. two people of the night state sent e-mails to hamas but one says happy birthday and one says thank you for the bomb making classes. when those two e-mails go to hamas, right now we see that if you send happy birthday to hamas we see it it doesn't matter so

the threat to the united states. you send an e-mail that says thank you for the bomb making classes we intercept that e-mail, we can read it, find out who it is and when we come here to find that person to arrest them to make certain they do not harm americans we have to go to court and get a warrant there already is a warrant requirement for the protection of americans and people in this united states. look at the two e-mails happy birthday and thank you for the bomb making classes you have no evidence of a crime. you have no ability to read these two e-mails. we will go dark, it will go blind for the fbi abuses have been extraordinary and they're searching for data. we need to punish them. for thisunderlying bill punishee fbi. we should not punish americans. we cannot make our nation less safe by giving constitutional protection to hamas' been giving constitutional protection to communist chinese party.

i've been talking to members on the floor and they say this amendment is about protecting americans in the united states. it is not part american in the united states is already protected by the constitution. there is nobody on this house for that would argue you do not need a warrant to look at americans data in the united states. this amendment and i encourage everyone to pick it up and read it, applies to the data we collect in spying on hamas, the commons chinese party to give them a warrant. to give them constitutional protections means they are open for business. the day after this passes and we go blind complete pass to recruit united states students to spy on our industry and universities. hamas and hezbollah have a complete pass will be blind as they were cute people for terrorist attack within the united states. currently we keep america safe by spying on our adversaries.

with that i reserved. >> judgment from connecticut is recognized by. >> by. >> thank you mr. speaker i yield such time as it may consume pickwick to charmers recognized records i rise in support of this legislation. first let me emphasize again as the chairman said section 702 is our single most important intelligence authority. our single most important intelligence authority. what use it everyday to protect the nation from threats ranging from china and russia to terrorist plots to fentanyl traffickers and much more. it cannot be allowed to expire. it is also to the program requires a substantial reform. we had done this before were doing it in this bill. i would make a critical point which is this is arguably our only scrutinized overseen intelligence authority.

it is approved and i'll say this twice, every single year end has been since 2009 by federal judges. federal judges to crawl all over this a program looking for constitutional violations. looking for violations of law and since 2009 they have reached certified this program. it's overseen by the congress, the chairman and icy problems with the program is overseen inside by the attorney general. it is the most scrutinized intelligence collection program that we have. the bill before the house today is a product of very serious oversight resulting in a basic text that preserves the value of 702 are putting in place more than 50 significant reforms aimed at preventing its misuse those misuses that were detailed the chairman referred to which, by the way are down to the tune of 90%. this bill would codify those reforms require the fbi continue to follow those rules. this legislation contains the

most significant reform to 702 ever among many other proposals this bill will continue the progress already made that i referred to by the by administration and others to ensure compliance. the bill would ban queries to conduct to find evidence of a crime and cut by 90%, 90% the number fbi personnel that can improve u.s. persons queries that is what we give up if we do not pass this bill. will consider several amendments to the built most of which i will support. however i am opposed to the biggs amendment extreme misguided proposal that seriously undermines our national security. i understand the instinct for there is no way to collect intelligence on foreign e-mails and text without having some americans on the other side of this. this bill puts in place protections to make sure the abuses of the past do not continue into the future and i would add i understand the

concern. federal judges crawl all over this program every single year not one federal judge, not one has found constitutional issues with u.s. person queries. the president civil liberties oversight board proposed a warrant that's much less extreme than the one the biggs amendment. the president civil abuse oversight board this proposal would split proposed produces information. only in that event which is about 2% of all queries would it warrant to be required that big >> would require a warrant for every single u.s. person query the government makes inside information that already has. the narrow exception included in this amendment will also not work but you do not need to take that for me talk to anybody in the government who uses this program.

we do not know if a query is about something that is until we know what is in the information. that query would turn up. enacting this amendment would make us far less safe. we'll lose the ability to disrupt terrorist plots identify spies interdict fentanyl and much more. not because it was constitutionally required but because we simply chose not to look. as jacob sullum said this week the extensive harm of this proposal simply cannot be mitigated. i would point my colleagues were vertically on my side of the aisle to the president's strong statement of administrative policy in which he reiterates the damage that will be done by this amendment should it pass. and at my friends, a lot of what we do here the consequences do not appear immediately. if we turn off the ability of the government to acquire it

u.s. person data the consequences will be known soon. we will audit white what happened, happened and the consequences will be known soon and accountability will be visited. once again i urge members to vote for the underlying bill and to oppose the biggs amendment. i reserve the balance of my time for quick settlement from ohio is recognized a yields to remit to the gentleman from ohio. >> a gentleman is recognized pretty quick thank you very much. mr. speaker i am in support of this bill this underlying bill. certainly. bipartisan product that came out of the intelligence committee. it came out of the intelligence committee when we realized a few years ago all of the abuses taking place within our intelligence system. we knew we had to act in there had to be reforms. hadley criminal liability people in our agencies are doing the wrong things. that was not in place and for the last two and half years we

have worked on this we worked on and a bipartisan way. not just with the intelligence committee but with the whole body we opened this up to the entire body. wheat republican, democrat, regardless of what committee you are on and we worked together to craft a very good bill. this is not just an intelligence committee bill. this is a house of representatives bill. and that is what we have come forward. this bill ensures american civil are secure and we have intelligence collection tools that we need to safeguard our country from foreign threats. the constitution asks us to provide for our defense. that is what we are trying to do. to work against all enemies foreign and domestic. that is what we are trying to do. i want to set the record straight it is already in statute a warrant is required

every single time the united states government wants to investigate a u.s. person under fisa, under section 702. eight warrant is not required to do a query. to find out what you might need for probable cause to get a warrant. now this amendment was to put a warrant on getting a query when time is of the evidence. mr. speaker the fees talking about yet we pick up that i want to know what he's talking about you mr. speaker. i want to do a query into the information we already have two see if anyone else is talking about you. i want to find out if they are planning to assassinate you mr. speaker. i should not need a warrant to try and find out if a foreign actors trying to assassinate a u.s. citizen. i should not need a warrant to

find out if a foreign actor or terrorist is working with someone in the united states to harm other americans. yes we do. a lot of misinformation out there. american civil are not being harmed. i give a hypothetical example. american citizen bob smith pops up in that fisa database. some are saying government can't obtain search e-mails, text, phone calls. that is not true. that is not true. but you can do a query to see if anyone else is talking about this person. not just anyone else and they were but a foreign actor or a foreign terrorist whose information you already have.

>> has 20 seconds remaining. i want to say what is true and what is not true. as acting on behalf of u.s. citizen to keep them safe patio back. gemma from connecticut is recognized by. >> is my privilege shield two-minute to the single longest longest-serving member of the house intelligence committee will regularly remind me their modified their unchallengeable and who came to this institution to fight for civil civil liberties could i to nancy pelosi requests i thank you for

yielding your great leadership of the intelligence committee but i think are members of the intelligence committee for the important work to protect the national security on both sides of the aisle. having served there i know it is a place we strive for bipartisanship. mr. speaker, as a gentleman indicated i came to this committee and early 90s. my purpose was to protect the civil liberties as we protect the national security of our country. i had two purposes but want to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons and secondly on part without to make sure we protect the civil liberties. in the course of that time i have voted for legislation that is less than i would like. share in the ranking member put forth a very clear idea about why 702 is important. i associate myself with the remarks. i just want to say this print i

went in the early '90s i became that ranking member the top democrat on the committee for 20 years i was gang of four, gang of eight in terms of receiving intelligence up until last year when i stop being speaker of the house. and for that whole time it's been about what does this mean to the civil liberties of the american people? bill we brought to former president bush that addresses some of our fisa concerns but did not go all the way, this bill does. and in this legislation there are scores, scores of provisions good strength in our case for civil liberties. some improvements on existing law. some new provisions in the law to protect the civil liberties of the american people. this biggs amendment seriously undermines our ability to protect the national security and i urge our colleagues to

vote against it. i do not have the time right now but members want to know i will tell you how we could have been saved from 911 if we did not have to have the additional warrant. with that i again urge a no vote on biggs. a yes on the bill and i yield back the balance of my time. and just waiting for a senator to come to the floor to speak today members are continuing work on extension of the foreign intelligence surveillance act which allows for warrantless tracking of noncitizens outside the united states. the current fisa authorization will expire at midnight at the legislation is not passed. on the other side of the capitol of the house will be in session on saturday to vote on a series of foreign aid measures that will provide funds to ukraine, israel, and taiwan. watch live coverage of those votes on c-span.

and it just waiting for senator to come to the floor to speak for today members are continuing work on extension of the foreign

intelligence surveillance act which is allows for warrantless tracking of noncitizens outside the united states. the current fisa authorization will expire at midnight if the legislation is not passed on the other side of the capitol of the house will be in session on saturday to vote on a series of ford aid measures provide funds to ukraine, israel and taiwan. watch live coverage of those votes on c-span. the presiding officer: without objection. is there a sufficient second? there appears to be. just waiting for sgt come to the floor to speak in vote:

the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. mr. booker. mr. boozman.

mr. braun. mrs. britt. mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cardin.

mr. carper. mr. casey. mr. cassidy. ms. collins. mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer. mr. crapo. mr. cruz. mr. daines. ms. duckworth.

mr. durbin. ms. ernst. mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer. mrs. gillibrand. mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan.

mr. hawley. mr. heinrich. mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven. mrs. hyde-smith. mr. johnson. mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy.

mr. king. ms. klobuchar. mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan. ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez. mr. merkley. mr. moran. mr. mullin.

ms. murkowski. mr. murphy. mrs. murray. mr. ossoff. mr. padilla. mr. paul. mr. peters. mr. reed. mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney. ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio.

mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen. ms. sinema. ms. smith. no une. mr. tillis.

mr. tuberville. mr. van hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch.

the clerk: senators voting in the affirmative -- bennet, collins, durbin, ernst, grassley, heinrich, hickenlooper, hyde-smith, kaine, king, marshall, mullin, peters, ricketts, schatz, stabenow, tillis, whitehouse. senators voting in the negative -- baldwin, daines, padilla, paul, scott of florida, tester, warren, wyden.

ms. hassan, aye. mr. cassidy, aye. the clerk: mr. rubio, aye. mr. rounds, aye.

the clerk: mrs. murray, no. the clerk: mrs. cantwell, no. ms. cantwell, no.

the clerk: mrs. shaheen, aye. the clerk: mr. young, aye.

the clerk: mr. crapo, aye. mr. merkley, no.

mr. markey, no. mr. johnson, no. ms. klobuchar, aye. mr. blumening that will, aye -- mr. blumenthal, aye.

the clerk: mr. risch, aye. the clerk: ms. sinema, aye. mr. reed, aye.

mr. casey, aye. the clerk: mr. graham, aye. the clerk: ms. lummis, no. mr. cramer, no.

mr. tuberville, no. the clerk: mrs. britt, aye. the clerk: ms. duckworth, aye.

the clerk: mr. sullivan, aye.

the clerk: mr. fetterman, aye. the clerk: ms. smith, aye.

the clerk: mr. thune, aye. the clerk: mr. warner, aye.

the clerk: mr. lujan, aye. mr. schumer, aye.

the clerk: mr. kennedy, no. mr. cornyn, aye.

vote: the clerk: mr. brown, no.

the clerk: mr. lankford, aye. ms. rosen, aye. mrs. fischer, aye. mr. boozman, aye.

the clerk: mr. cotton, aye. ms. murkowski, aye. mr. barrasso, no.

the clerk: mrs. gillibrand, aye.

the clerk: mr. budd, aye.

the clerk: mr. braun, no.

the clerk: mr. romney, aye. mr. murphy, aye.

the clerk: mr. mendendez, no. mr. hoeven, no. the clerk: mr. carper, aye.

the clerk: mr. booker, aye. the clerk: mr. kelly, aye. ms. hirono, no.

the clerk: mr. moran, aye.

the clerk: mr. marshall, no.

the clerk: mr. welch, aye. the clerk: mrs. butler, aye. the clerk: mr. van hollen, no. mr. ossoff, aye.

mr. sanders, no.

the clerk: mr. coons, aye.

the clerk: mr. scott of south carolina, no.

the clerk: mr. wicker, aye.

the clerk: mr. mcconnell, aye.

the clerk: mr. cruz, no. mr. lee, no.

the clerk: mr. cardin, aye.

vote:

yeah

>> the house a reauthorization bill and has a lot of problems more problems than a macbook not are the bills reported reforms mostly fake and when they're not fake they're woefully inadequate but the bill

itself will will and there is one thing standing and becoming law in between where the bill stands now she's in it could be soon if we enacted without an amendment that the united states senate. under article one section seven the same bill has to pass both

houses before it can be presented to the president for acquiescence. recess as amended by the amendment would allow the government with a huge range of ordinary u.s. businesses and individuals and other organizations exempting only honest workman of entities including hotels, library's and restaurants to assist in the united states government and spying on american citizens. currently the government conducts pfizer 702 surveillance with the compelled assistance of electronic communication service providers or ecs p, historically the definition of an ecs p is included those entities with direct access to americans communication. thank for example google or microsoft, verizon, et cetera. the new provision would allow

the government to compel surveillance assistance from any provider of any service that has access to equipment on which communications are recorded and then stored, this would report a huge number of u.s. businesses that provide wi-fi to the customers and therefore have access to routers and to communication equipment. apparently this provision is a result of the intelligence community being told by the foreign intelligence surveillance act with the fisc as is sometimes described that data centers and cloud computing do not under existing law have to comply with pfizer compelled disclosures. the intelligence committee members claim it was a narrow fix to allow the government to compel information from a single service provider, just one, yesterday on the senate floor,

my friend and colleague, the distinguished senior senator from the state of virginia and the chairman of the intelligence oversight committee in the senate spoke about the now infamous term amendment, first and foremost senator admitted in the context that even he thinks the amendment could have been better drafted, this is of course putting it very mildly and euphemistically. instead of voting on correcting the language language that could have drastic implications for the privacy in the fourth amendment rights of american citizens and great implication for all kind of businesses and other organizations in america. he would rather pass the faulty flawed broad as can be language passed by the house and rely on promises from the intelligence community agencies, they will not abuse the new expansion of

authority. how does that sound to you as an american citizen. anyone within the sound of my voice you really feel good when you hear from one of our intelligence gathering bodies that you can trust us, sure the language has broadened up and has loopholes and you can drive a mack truck a 747 airbus a380 through the loophole side-by-side but trust us we will not treated that way. is that a good idea? i think not. the entire premise of the constitution, not just the fourth amendment but of the constitution itself is trust but verify. we are not angels we do not have access to angels so we rely on rule we do not rely on placing faith and governments, faith is deserved for very different beings than those occupying the halls of the united states

government and the intelligence agencies or otherwise. as a federal lawmaker who has been like to repeatedly throughout the years by various elements within our government including some people from the department of justice, the fbi on the abuse of the authorities, the very same authorities that were talking about here, forgive me if i'm not just willing to take the word of the intelligence committee. we have a responsibility to her constituents that voters everywhere in voters of every political stripe in every part of this country to protect them by getting this language right. by getting it right before it becomes law, not after. when all we could say was we're sorry were more likely all members who support that could do is try to help them cover it up. that is not right. second my sting colleague he's

entirely confused of the intelligence community or he i a part of justice would like to confuse you as to what this expansion of authority actually means and what it does, they are suggesting that we are offended by this expansion nearly because it would allow them to target more individuals, that is not the problem not at all the problem rather that this amendment is so badly worded to subject any kind of service provider even once providing services such as cleaning services or plumbing services to participate in the intel disclosure process on which in section 0 two a pfizer relies. the concerns with targets resulting from this legislation as they seem to be suggesting

quite mistakingly but whether the government conscripting every and kind of service provider into its compelled disclosure scheme. if the d.o.j. wants to override the decisions of the fisc through the amendment it must be done through an amendment tailored to precisely that task. unfortunately the trigger amendment is about as well tailored as a muumuu or better said attempt, there is no tailoring at all they threw it all in their like prego spaghetti sauce, this is said to contain whatever they wanted to contain. again senator warner yesterday acknowledged the language was poorly drafted but has been taking this as an opportunity to amend it and fix it so it did what it was intended to do and to go no further than that and incur no additional delayed risk

of further meddling of creating problematic situations where law-abiding americans everywhere. they suggest that this will be a problem for two years and then we can fix it or won't be a problem for the next two years because we cannot faith and trust that they won't abuse it and then we can fix it for real. in fact he's willing to work with anyone who thinks it is a problem to fix it anytime, just not now. don't want to fix it now. if the job is worth doing it is worth doing it right now the first time not just that we don't have to go back and correct it later but so it doesn't create problems between now and two years when he proposes that we address it for

real. it's worth doing right today because the stakes are high, there is no reason not to fix this now and a lot of reasons why it will be problematic if we don't. let's talk about the statutory deadline for pfizer collection for a minute. the administration acknowledges that under the law it can and will continue to deduct pfizer 702 surveillance. even if 702 temporarily lapses, we debate this, that is because the fisa court has approved certification within the last week or so that allows the government to continue 702 collection until april 2025 and there's a provision of fisa that you might say grandfathers in the fisa court certification even if the law itself expires. meaning the pfizer 702 collection program can continue in its entirety without

exception until april 10 or 11th 2025 even if isa 702 temporarily lapses between now and then because all that matters was pfizer 702 was active and not having lapsed at the moment on april 11 over a week ago when the latest certification was issued by the fisc. probably mr. president the administration does not deny this, what i'm saying and said companies will bring legal challenges and they might refuse to comply with the government's directives to turn over communication. what i would like to know mr. president was there evidence for this? the fact that a few companies briefly refused to cooperate with the government back in 2008 when the predecessor in section

702 that protects american act expired. here's the problem with argument. those companies back in 2008 challenge this and feel lost in court, the fisa court ruled in 2008 that surveillance could continue to spike expiration of the law and the companies had to comply. this legal issue itself was settled on those terms 16 years ago. not only that mr. president but much more to the point congress has made the law stronger and clearer and more direct since then. stronger on the government side since then, the fisa amendment act includes language that wasn't in the protect america act saying that the fisa court approval remains valid notwithstanding any other provision of the law including the sunset.

that language was added for the first time in december 2018 and the same legislation that pfizer 702 was reauthorized until 2023. until december 2023 will be extended the effective date pfizer 702 back in december of 2023 extending it until tonight at midnight. that language was re-upped and enacted again. the same language is intact there is absolutely no ambiguity here. it is absurd what they're saying really. i will companies risks fines into a $50000 a day to make a legal argument that the fisa court rejected 16 years ago it is not a valid reason for us in the united states senate to rush to enact laws as deeply plot to. mr. schumer: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. schumer: mr. president, i

ask unanimous consent that the -- the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: calendar number 365, h.r. 7888, an act to reform the foreign intelligence surveillance act of 1978. mr. schumer: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. schumer: i ask unanimous consent that the only amendments in order to h.r. 7888 be the following, paul 1829, marshall 1834, wyden 1820, paul 1828, durbin 1841 as modified, lee 1840. further, that on disposition of the amendments, the bill as amended, if amended, be considered read a third time and the senate vote on passage with 60 votes on the paul vote as amended, if amended, with senator paul permitted to speak for up to ten minutes prior to the vote on 1829. all without further intervening

action or debate. the presiding officer: is there objection? hearing none, without objection. mr. schumer: mr. president, we have good news for america's national security. senators have reached an agreement that clears the way to approve fisa reauthorization tonight. for the information of my colleagues, we will have up to seven roll call votes. first we will vote six amendments, then final passage. all day long, we persisted and persisted and persisted in hopes of reaching a breakthrough. i'm glad we got it done. there was a great deem of doubt we could get this done, but now we are on a glide path to passing this bill. allowing fisa to expire would have been dangerous. it's an important part of our national security toolkit and helps law enforcements stop terrorist attacks tra -- attraction and drug trafficking. this has been carefully tailored.

i'm ready to work with colleagues on both sides of the aisle to keep strvthening -- strengthening protections for american citizens. i thank all of my colleagues on both sides of the aisle for their good work. i yield the floor. mr. paul: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from kentucky. mr. paul: the title of this amendment is the fourth amendment is not for sale. the fourth amendment is no mere limitation of government power. the fourth amendment is fundamental to the concept of american liberty. the fourth amendment was a response to the british writs of assistance, with i served as general warrants, permitted almost limitless assessments of homes and ships of colonies. in 1761, an attorney, james otis, forcefully attacked the writs of assistance and john adams described that he was so inspired that then and there, the child of independence was born. the fourth amendment prohibit these kind of general warrants. for a search to be reasonable, the fourth amendment dictates that the government must identify the individual, the

items, and the location to be searched. but today, all it takes to eviscerate the fourth amendment is some cash. the electronic communications privacy act already requires the government to seek a court order before compelling service providers to disclose contentsaged records -- contents and records, but this law does not restrict them from voluntary sell that information to nongovernmental third parties. due to this loophole in the law, american government is effectively resurrected the idea of general warrants that the founding father were so appalled by. thankfully, the house of representatives voted to close that loophole, voting to overwhelmingly this week, for the fourth amendment is not for sale act. i'm so glad that the fourth amendment is not for sale amendment is so popular. i hope senator schumer will vote with us tonight. but if not, the bill has passed the house.

all he would need to do is bring it up and we could put it on the books. leaders from both parties across the political spectrum have come together to say you shouldn't be able to buy your way around the fourth amendment. the senate must not prove itself to be less concerned about the fourth amendment. i hope that we will take this up. the data you transmit can reveal much about your life, such as where you work, where you drop off your child for day care, whether you visit a gun range, whether you -- who you associate with, your health data. some of these applications sell that data to third party brokers who then sell to t. to the government. it may be concerning that some of your information is traded away, but we should insist that the fourth amendment should somebody respected so that individuals cannot trafficked and investigated without a warrant. with law enforcement -- when law enforcement suspects you of a crime, officers must demonstrate to a neutral judge in an open court that probably cause of a crime exists. in fact, if you want to find the

people in our country who respect the fourth amendment, meet with any local police officer, any local sheriff. they know they don't come in your house. what's happened is the politicized is aspects is of our intel agencies don't have the same respect for the fourth amendment that local law enforcement does. according to professor matthew toks some of the m, after the supreme court prohibited warrantless collection in carpenter v. the united states, the government agencies just began buying that information anyway. they were told not to by the supreme court so they just went appeared purchased it and eviscerate add supreme court decision. this is something we should not tolerate. a recent report by the inspector general of the department of homeland security demonstrated that several dhs agencies including the social security -- secret service bought americans data without a court order. the fbi purchases your location

data without an order. to just name a few, the nsa, the defense intelligence agency, all have bought americans' location data without a court order. the embrace of this tactic proved that the feds will zealously exploit any loophole and test the limits of their authorities to the detriment of our constitutionally protected liberties. it's time to end the use of cash, the use of cash to purchase general warrants. let's ensure that the fourth amendment is truly not for sale. i ask for a yes vote. mr. warner: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from virginia. mr. warner: i rise in oppose -- opposition to the amendment. before i get to the substance -- the presiding officer: would the senator desist for a moment. the senator from kentucky. mr. paul: i call up my amendment 1829 and ask that it be

reporteded by senator from. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: mr. paul proposes an amendment numbered 1829. the presiding officer: there must now be two minutes of debate on the paul amendment 1829. mr. warner: i rise in opposition to the amendment. before i get to the substance, let me remind my colleagues, i think something we've all discussed a lot -- any amendment add to this bill at this moment is the equivalent of killing the bill. many have said, if we go past midnight tonight, it doesn't really matter. already telecom companies, a number, have contacted the department of justice saying if this bill expires, as it will at midnight, they will stop complying with 702, one of the most commit cal components of our -- critical components of our intelligence backbone. the specifics of this amendment are opposed by every law enforcement agency in america. it is also opposed by a number

of jewish community groups, incl including. we ought to have a discussion about the fourth amendment. the house decided not to include this in their discussion of 702. the only people that are gamble to be taken out from purchasing data are going to be law enforcement, not foreign companies, not foreign governments or others. mr. paul: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from kentucky. mr. paul: the idea that we don't have time a is specious one. the only reason we wouldn't have time is the supporters of this bill delayed until the last hour. we have five years to renew this. we delayed it until we have four hours left then we're told we don't have enough time. that is a false argument. the house is is going to be voting tomorrow. we should pass the good amendments today, send them to the house tomorrow. this is an argument that has

been forced upon us by the supporters of fisa who want no debate and they want to restrictions. they want no warrants, and they want nothing to protect americans. they want to allow whatever goes, whatever happens happens and to hell with the american individual citizen and the bill of rives. i say, don't listen to the people who don't want amends amendments and don't want eightdebate. let's pass this amendment. the presiding officer: question is on the amendment. yeas and nays have been requested. is there a sufficient second? there appears to be much the clerk will call the roll. vote: the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet.

the clerk: mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal.

the clerk: mr. booker. mr. boozman. the clerk: mr. braun. mrs. britt. mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cardin. mr. carper. mr. casey. mr. cassidy. ms. collins. mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer. mr. crapo. mr. cruz.

mr. daines. ms. duckworth. mr. durbin. ms. ernst. mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer. mrs. gillibrand. mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan. mr. hawley. mr. heinrich. mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven. mrs. hyde-smith. mr. johnson.

mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy. mr. king. ms. klobuchar. mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan. ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez.

the clerk: mr. merkley. mr. moran. mr. mullin. ms. murkowski. mr. murphy. mrs. murray. mr. ossoff. mr. padilla. mr. paul. mr. peters.

mr. reed. mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney. ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio. mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen. ms. sinema. ms. smith. ms. stabenow.

mr. sullivan. mr. tester. mr. thune. mr. tillis. mr. tuberville. the clerk: mr. van hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner.

the clerk: mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young. the clerk: senators voting in the affirmative -- baldwin, braun, cramer, daines, durbin, hawley, lummis, markey, marshall, murphy, murray, paul, sanders, tester, welch, wyden. senators voting in the negative -- bennet, blumenthal, britt, budd, cardin, carper, cassidy, crapo, ernst, fetterman, fischer, gillibrand, graham, grassley, hassan, heinrich, hickenlooper,

hyde-smith, kaine, kelly, king, klobuchar, lankford, lujan, mullin, peters, reed, ricketts, risch, romney, rosen, rounds, rubio, schatz, schumer, scott of florida, sinema, smith, thune, warner, wicker, young. mr. merkley, aye. mr. mcconnell, no. mr. padilla, no. ms. collins, no.

the clerk: mr. tuberville, aye.

the clerk: ms. butler, no. the clerk: mr. scott of south carolina, no.

the clerk: mr. van hollen, aye. mr. tillis, aye. mr. tillis, no. ms. murkowski, aye. mr. kennedy, aye.

the clerk: mr. cornyn, no. the clerk: mr. cotton, no.

ms. duckworth, no. mr. casey, no. mr. cruz, aye. the clerk: mr. moran, no.

mr. lee, aye. mr. johnson, aye. the clerk: mr. whitehouse, no. ms. warren, aye.

mr. brown, no. ms. stabenow, no. mr. ossoff, no. mr. sullivan, aye.

the clerk: mr. mendendez, aye. ms. hirono, aye.

the clerk: mr. boozman, no. ms. cantwell, aye.

the clerk: mrs. shaheen, no.

the clerk: mr. barrasso, no.

mr. hoeven, aye.

the clerk: mr. booker, no. mr. coons, aye.

the presiding officer: on this vote the yeas are 31, the nays are 61. under the previous order requiring 60 votes for the adoption of this amendment, the amendment is not agreed to.

mr. schumer: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. schumer: before we move on i'd like to acknowledge a rare milestone that has just been achieved here or is just about to be achieved on this coming vote in the senate. our dear colleague from maine, senator susan collins will cast her 9,000th consecutive roll call. she has never -- never missed a single roll call vote in her entire career. who else can claim that? raise your hands. even the freshmen can't claim that. i congratulate senator collins on this historic accomplishment, it puts her in rare company in the history of the chamber. senator collins and i of course belong to different parties, but

she has the enormous respect of those on this side of the aisle, and i have been able to work with her on many issues. i yield the floor to my colleague and friend mitch. mr. mcconnell: i would like to thank the majority leader for his acknowledgement of this historic moment. the senior senator from maine, our good friend, is about to cast as we all know her 9,000th consecutive roll call vote. senator collins never failed to discharge the most faument cute -- fundamental duty of her office. only one senator has managed a longer streak of consecutive votes. let's just say that senator collins is closing in on that record as well.

i hope my colleague is as proud as we are of her. one thing is for certain, she didn't reach the milestone by accident. she knew -- she was raised by not one but two small town mayors. and as our colleague knows one of those distinguished mayors, her mother patricia, passed away earlier this year right as the government funding she had stewarded was nearing the finish line. the situation that made the tension that we all felt at times between the demands of the senate and of family. but, as always, the example of the senior senator from maine was instructive. poised under pressure, prepared for any outcome and is as determined as ever to do right

by the people she represents. day after day, year after year, our senior most appropriator has demonstrated through her dedication, if you do your homework, show up to vote, most everything else will fall in line. i would like to add my congratulations to my good friend senator collins on this tremendous milestone. the people of maine are lucky to have her. a senator: mr. president. the presiding officer: the republican whip. mr. thune: if i might. 9,000 is remarkable. the iron senator and she was asked by "the washington post" 12 years ago why she had never missed a vote.

why she made a decision to make every vote. and this is what she said, and i quote, i think it is important at this time when public confidence in congress is low to demonstrate to my constituents i really care about doing a good job for them. end quote. well, mr. president, for 27 straight years and 9,000 straight votes she has delivered every single day for the people of maine and the people of this country. i am grateful to have the privilege and opportunity to serve with her, as i think every single one of us are, it is a remarkable achievement. senator collins, thank you for your record. thank you for your example. the presiding officer: the chair conveys its heart-felt congratulations and pride to his colleague. thank you, -- susan for all yo

have done. mr. marshall: i call up my amendment numbered 1834. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: the senator from kansas, mr. marshall, proposes amendment numbered 1834. the presiding officer: there will be two minutes of debate equally divided on the marshall amendment 1834. the senator from kansas. mr. marshall: during the last administration, we saw career, unelected bureaucrats actively work against our commander in chief. in this bill we are given unilateral control under section 702 to the same who have a record of abusing their power. section 2b of the bill would prohibit political -- this means there is no accountability for these agents by the fbi director or attorney general regardless of who is present, they or their appointed director should have full control of the agencies and

departments they're leading. we must make fbi and doj leadership accountable for eventual section 702 abuses, we should require them to sign off on 702 investigations. as this is such a momentous vote, it would be great if it passed. with that, i urge a yes vote. a senator: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from florida. r rubio rubio the -- rubio rubio the bill that it be approved by a supervisor to take it out of the hands of the career individuals who in the past who have potentially abused this authority. there are two ways to skin this cat. it is a political appointee and there is a person who owes their job to the party in power in the house. if you put someone like that in

charge, it might lend itself for this to be abused for political use. it is harder to hold political appointees accountable. the only way to get rid of the attorney general is to impeach them. if it's a supervisor, that supervisor could be fired. everyone in these departments is accountable to the fbi, another reform in in bill is that the compensation of the fsh director will -- fbi director will be tied to how the department performs every single year on the audit of compliance with 702. so i urge this amendment be defeated. the presiding officer: the question is on the amendment. mr. rubio: the yeas and nays have been requested. is there a sufficient second? there is. the yeas and nays are ordered. vote: the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. mr. booker.

mr. boozman. mr. braun. mrs. britt. mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cardin. mr. carper. mr. casey. mr. cassidy. ms. collins.

mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer. mr. crapo. mr. cruz. mr. daines. ms. duckworth. mr. durbin. ms. ernst. mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer. mrs. gillibrand.

mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan. mr. hawley. mr. heinrich. mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven.

mrs. hyde-smith. the clerk: mr. johnson. mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy. mr. king. ms. klobuchar.

mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan. ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez. mr. merkley. mr. moran. mr. mullin. ms. murkowski. mr. murphy. mrs. murray. mr. ossoff. mr. padilla. mr. paul.

mr. peters. mr. reed. mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney. ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio. mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen. ms. sinema. ms. smith. ms. stabenow. mr. sullivan. mr. tester. mr. thune. mr. tillis. mr. tuberville. mr. van hollen.

mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young. senators voting in the affirmative -- braun, daines, hawley, hyde-smith, johnson, kennedy, lee, lummis, marshall, paul, scott of florida, scott of south carolina, sullivan, and

tuberville. senators voting in the negative -- baldwin, barasso, bennet, blumenthal, booker, boozman, britt, brown, budd, carper, casey, cassidy, collins, coons, cornyn, cotton, cramer, crapo, duckworth, durbin, ernst, fischer, gillibrand, graham, hassan, hirono, hickenlooper, hoeven, kaine, king, klobuchar,

lankford, lujan, markey, mcconnell, menendez, merck, moran, ossoff reed, ricketts, yom, rosen, rounds, rubio, sanders, schatz, shaheen, sinema, smith, stabenow, tester, thune, tillis, warner, warren, welch, whitehouse, wicker, wyden, and young. mr. mullin, aye. mr. schumer, no. mr. padilla, no.

mr. kelly, no. the clerk: mr. cruz, no.

the clerk: ms. murkowski, aye. mr. grassley, aye.

the clerk: mr. fetterman, no.

the clerk: mr. van hollen, no.

the clerk: ms. cantwell, no.

the presiding officer: on this vote the yeas are 17. the nays are 75. the amendment is not agreed to. a senator: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from oregon. the clerk will report. the clerk: the senator from oregon, mr. wyden, for himself and ms. lummis proposes an amendment numbered 1820. the presiding officer: there will now be two minutes of debate equally divided on wyden amendment 1820. the senator from oregon. mr. wyden: mr. president, this bipartisan amendment strikes a dangerous provision that was slipped in at the last moment in the house of representatives and has never been considered or examined here in the senate. the provision dramatically expands warrantless surveillance by authorizing the government to force countless typical americans and american companies to secretly assist in the surveillance. if there's one thing we know, expansive surveillance authorities will always be used and abused. let's do the right thing and

vote aye to strike the horribly drafted sweeping new surveillance authorities that we'll surely regret. the presiding officer: the senator from virginia. a senator: i oppose the amendment. the telecom world is different than it was today -- is today. cloud and data centers doesn't exist. i disagree with my colleagues' definition of the amendment. i have a letter that says under this definition, it can never be used to target any entity inside the united states including for example business, home, or place of worship. mr. warner: i will work with colleagues to further refine this definition within the bill we'll take up this year. the presiding officer: the senator from florida. mr. rubio: this is narrowly tailored and tough to talk about in this setting. the information is available to all the members and has now for

five or six days. the presiding officer: the senator from florida. mr. rubio: it's narrowly tailored to a specific problem identified by the court. if there's an unintended gap in coverage revealed by their interpretations you have to go to congress to fix it and that's what this tries to do and it's porp. that information has been available to the members in the appropriate setting for the last few days. i hope we can defeat this amendment. it's actually a 21st century solution to a unique problem in an era in which telecommunication is rapidly evolving and so are our adversaries. mr. wyden: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from oregon. mr. wyden: mr. president, this matter that came from the house of representatives has not been narrowly drafted. it's not technical. the reason you no he that is they keep coming up with incompetents sessions of the -- exceptions. the rule is so broad and they keep adding these exceptions. this is a deeply flawed proposal that comes from the house. i urge my colleagues to vote aye for this. the presiding officer: the question is on the amendment.

mr. wyden: i ask for the yeas and nays. the presiding officer: the yeas and nays have been requested. is there a sufficient second? there appears to be. the clerk will call the roll. vote: . the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. mr. booker. mr. boozman.

mr. braun. mrs. britt. mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cardin. mr. carper.

is. vote: mr. casey.

mr. cassidy. ms. collins. mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer. mr. crapo. mr. cruz. mr. daines. ms. duckworth. mr. durbin. ms. ernst.

mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer. mrs. gillibrand. mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan. mr. hawley. mr. heinrich. mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven. mrs. hyde-smith. mr. johnson. mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy. mr. king. ms. klobuchar. mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan.

ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez. mr. merkley. mr. moran. mr. mullin. ms. murkowski. mr. murphy. mrs. murray. mr. ossoff. mr. padilla. mr. paul. mr. peters. mr. reed.

mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney. ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio. mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen. ms. sinema. ms. smith. ms. stabenow. mr. sullivan. mr. tester. mr. thune. mr. tillis. mr. tuberville. mr. van hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young.

the presiding officer: senators voting in the affirmative -- baldwin, barrasso, braun, brown, cantwell, cramer, daines, durbin, hawley, hirono, kennedy, lee, lummis, markey, marshall, menendez, merkley, murphy, murray, paul, sanders, scott of florida, tester, tuberville, van hollen, warren, welch, w wyden. mer johnson mr. johnson, aye. senators voting in the negative, bennet, blumenthal, boozman, budd, cardin, carper, casey,

cassidy, clinls -- clinls, cornyn, crapo, duckworth, ernst, fischer, grassley, hassan, hickenlooper, hyde-smith, kaine, kelly, king, klobuchar, lankford, lujan, mcconnell, moran, mullin, peters, reed, risch, romney, rosen, rounds, rubio, schumer, sheen, smith -- shaheen, smith, stabenow, sullivan, thune, tillis, whitehouse, wicker, young. mr. cotton, no. mr. warner, no. mr. scott of south carolina, aye. mr. hoeven, aye.

mrs. britt, no. mr. graham, no. mr. ricketts, no.

the clerk: mr. cruz, no.

the clerk: mr. padilla, aye. ms. murkowski, no. mr. heinrich, no. mr. schatz, no. mr. booker, aye.

mr. fetterman, no. mrs. gillibrand, no.

the clerk: ms. sinema, no. ms. butler, no.

mr. coons, aye.

the clerk: mr. ossoff, no.

the presiding officer: on in vote, the yeas are 34, the nays are 58. the amendment is not agreed to. there will be two minutes equally divided for debate on the paul amendment 1828. mr. paul: mr. president. the presiding officer: the senator from kentucky. mr. paul: i call up my amendment 1828. the presiding officer: the clerk will report. the clerk: the senator from kentucky, mr. paul, proposes an amendment, numbered 1828. the presiding officer: the senate will be in order. take your conversations off the floor, please. the senator from kentucky. mr. paul: benjamin franklin warned up that those who would trade liberty for security might

wind up with neither. it takes courage to defend the constitution, the fourth amendment, it takes courage to understand that even when people are guilty of crimes, we let them have lawyers. we have open courts. we have an adversarial process. people think, well, gosh, a murderer gets a lawyer. yes, everybody under our system gets a lawyer. at least under the system of the fourth amendment a but as we became fearful of terrorists, we said, well, we can't exist under the constitution. we have to lower the standard of the fourth amendment. so in 1978 we set up fisa and it went after foreigners under a different standard. it was probable cause, not of a crime but probable cause that you are associated with a foreign government. and for even myself, i'm fine with that for foreigners. but for americans, we still have the constitution. so my amendment would simply say this -- you can investigate all the foreigners you want under 702, under fisa beings, whatever you

wish for foreigners. but for americans you go to an article 3 court. they work. we product over 300 terrorists in article 3 courts and we could do it. my amendment says that fisa would only be utilized on foreigners, not americans. the presiding officer: the senator from virginia. mr. warner: i rise in opposition to the amendment. this amendment would have the effect of basically destroying section 702. unfortunately, over the last 20 years, there have been a number of american citizens that have created terrorist acts that 702 has been used for. many times you start the investigation you don't know if the individual is an american or a foreigner. you respectfully ask us to defeat the amendment and give the rest of my time to senator rubio. mr. rubio: mr. president, anwar al allah can i was a clean airic who became the -- cleric who became the leader. the brothers that committed the

boston marathon, one was a naturalized citizen. the other was a lawful permanent resident. if we had suspected them of terrorism, we would not have been able to -- none of these were prevent. but if these cases emerged today, you suspected them of terrorism, under this amendment, you would no have been able to surveil them to prevent the attack. afterwards you could go after them. but now it is too late to prevent the terrorist attack. that's what this amendment -- that's the harm that this amendment, if it passed, would create. i urge a vote against it. the presiding officer: time has expired. the question is on the amendment. is there a sufficient second? there appears to be. there is. the clerk will call the roll. vote: the clerk: ms. baldwin. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. mr. booker. mr. boozman.

mr. braun. the clerk: mrs. britt. mr. brown. mr. budd. ms. butler. ms. cantwell.

mrs. capito. mr. cardin. mr. carper. mr. casey. mr. cassidy. ms. collins. the clerk: mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr. cramer. mr. crapo.

mr. cruz. mr. daines. ms. duckworth. mr. durbin. ms. ernst. mr. fetterman. mrs. fischer. mrs. gillibrand. mr. graham. mr. grassley. mr. hagerty. ms. hassan. mr. hawley. mr. heinrich. mr. hickenlooper. ms. hirono. mr. hoeven. mrs. hyde-smith. mr. johnson.

mr. kaine. mr. kelly. mr. kennedy. mr. king. ms. klobuchar. mr. lankford. mr. lee. mr. lujan. ms. lummis. mr. manchin. mr. markey. mr. marshall. mr. mcconnell. mr. menendez. mr. merkley. mr. moran. mr. mullin. ms. murkowski. mr. murphy.

mrs. murray. mr. ossoff. mr. padilla. mr. paul. mr. peters. mr. reed. mr. ricketts. mr. risch. mr. romney. ms. rosen. mr. rounds. mr. rubio. mr. sanders. mr. schatz. mr. schmitt. mr. schumer. mr. scott of florida. mr. scott of south carolina. mrs. shaheen. ms. sinema.

ms. smith. ms. stabenow. mr. sullivan. mr. tester. mr. thune. mr. tillis. mr. tuberville. mr. van hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young.

the clerk: senators voting in the affirmative -- braun, daines, hawley, johnson, kennedy, lee, lummis, marshall, paul, scott of florida, and tuberville. senators voting in the negative -- baldwin, barrasso, bennet, blumenthal, booker, boozman, brit, brown, budd, butler, cantwell, cardin, carper, casey, collins, coons, cornyn, cotton, duckworth, durbin, ernst, fetterman, fischer, gillibrand, grassley, hassan, hickenlooper,

hirono, hyde-smith, kaine, kelly, king, klobuchar, lankford, lujan, markey, mcconnell, menendez, merkley, moran, mullin, murkowski, murray, ossoff, padilla, peters, reed, risch, romney, rosen, rounds, rubio, sanders, schumer, shaheen, stabenow, sullivan, tester, thune, tillis, van hollen, warner, welch, whitehouse, wicker, and young. mr. murphy, no. mr. ricketts, no. mr. cruz, no. mr. wyden, no. mr. cramer, no. mr. graham, no. ms. smith, no.

mr. hoeven, no. cl the clerk: mr. scott of south carolina, no. mr. cassidy, no.

the clerk: mr. crapo, no.

the clerk: ms. warren, no. the clerk: mr. schatz, no.