just in now, lots dissipates from all over the world from ready to share their solutions and to shape tomorrow, and join us and register. now for the d. w global media for in 2024. the . what do you think he's trying to tell us? being able to talk to our fellow creatures is an old dream on one that still seems a long way off, even with our closest evolution re cousins. but the chimpanzees have something like that language. and if they do, could we decide to where it would help us to better understand them? that's an older exciting topics this week in dw signing show. welcome to tomorrow. today. humans can talk

a scan. well, so we thought no evolutionary biologist, my low when others are challenging this dog, but we accompany him to the zoo. and this was city of bozza to listen to chimpanzees. anything here, then 1015 right now and are getting excited because there are some water coming out and the alpha male has also been hitting the displaying any old test step as well. so he's just trying to associates governance and whose status and improve business. chimpanzees communicate with gestures, facial expressions, and highly specific sounds, but they don't form spoken syllables or words that we humans can understand. so, cracking the code of exactly what they're sharing takes patients. the

1st of all you call ask them, what do you mean by that stage? the key just have to observe and try to understand when they do produce a specific cool, specific book innovation. when is, what is that context? what does it mean? and you can only understand that by observing them prime a researchers have been doing that for decades. and they now know what sounds chimpanzees make in what kinds of situations there's even that kind of chimpanzee dictionary. my hello, who is looking into how the apes combine these noise? that's what we're getting at now is really understanding is actually going be on the dictionary and going to the grammar and the syntax of these elements together. his current research is based on a recording made 10 years ago. when evolutionary biologists alarm the female champ with a fake snake. this bank is around there. so it's

a sneak presentation. and so this thing, and it's just ending up. so it's my people. and she's looking towards it. and you can see she's printing something along who's with her needs. and she's looking this thing in a tone barely audible to humans. she alerts the others, and now she's producing the about the combination of the cries, who and why seem to cause other chimpanzees in the group to climb a tree and alarm and check out the situation from above. but did they do so because the elderly chimpanzee warned them for, for another reason to find out the route developed a new experiment involving a recording of the who was a combination like after this and quite carefully. because the along who's quite soft of the

me. oh, and so that's the alarm for like it was in you gone. he played this call to free ranging chimpanzees over loud speakers without a dummy snake in the vicinity. and we'll play and right now i just heard it. and i was looking at this because he just turned he said, and i was getting the speaker days. yes, he, alarmed by the who, why i call the chimpanzee, performs a typical behavior practice training on a tree. and after is draining on a tree thing at the tree and down that is typical and to say to havior, fortune has ruined his team, repeated this experiment on over 20 chimpanzees in uganda, and it always had the same effect. so it's the 1st time we have everything is that same thing, these understand a cool combinations the same way we understand what the meaning of

a phase is based on the meaning of the words within the phrase. so do chimpanzees also have language for trait? we thought was unique to humans. the room doesn't like to describe it as that. but he thinks the precursors of language started to develop some time before modern humans began to evolve. the evolutionary branch, leading to around good time, split off 1st. and then the one leading to guerrillas, the common evolutionary line to let the chimpanzees and humans diverged about 6000000 years ago. so if larue is correct, communication based on combining sounds would be at least that all future experiments, most no show whether chimpanzees use other sound combinations to communicate. and also whether and how body language plays a role of the seems actually have quite

a complex look. then communication in, in the general domain as well. even facial expression is quite complex as well. so is just the entire welding and self. just trying to send these communication. it's very complex and we're just, yeah, scratching of the surface right now. but for my in the room, one thing is already clear. jump communication is closer to human language. then we once believe the lesson animal has in common with us. the more difficult it is to feel empathy for the taking extreme example, the locust, vast numbers of them sometimes appears, destroying crops and leaving devastation in their wake. but what do individual locusts get out of the behavior? why do they come together to forms huge storms? and if we knew why could we steer them

swimming. lucas? millions of them, stripping trends back in the summer of 2023 quarters of kenya was badly affected for the people that it was nothing less than a catastrophe. biologist, a not cousin folks from the university of constance was the she remembers, well, the insect lakes, overwhelming scale. anyway, we were really surprised how large the forms were, how big the groups, and how since that where one plants could find thousands and thousands of individuals. so i heard about it, and so they do as of all the states. but i didn't really believe how big of this was because in folks is a new or a biologist. she conducts research together with a husband in cousins who heads up the max planck institute of animal behavior. the 2 scientists are particularly interested in how lucas communicate with one another . how they form groups,

and how individual animals can influence the behavior of an entire room. yeah, i'm hoping with better understanding better understand what drives them to gauge with drives to, to move, what drives them to migrate and when what use they are attentive to and the environment would help us to better understand as predicts in the future, we use a range of technologies to study this behavior from the human thing have what we can find individuals, the extreme precision to in the fields and using new computer vision algorithms detract animals actually in the not full environment. it's basic research and it's still launched unexplored field in pursuit of pioneering results. the biologists have developed a range of unusual, technically complex experiments. the, for example, those that take place in the imaging, kind of

a many hours help of stick mark is on the backs of 10000 lucas more than ever before attempted other lot based experiments looking at swarms, only involved about a 100 of the insects, the stick has shouldn't interfere with the lucas movements. we've never been able to get lucas, the full, not full psalms before. and the last, no one has anywhere in the world. and by putting together 10000 individuals here and this lots imaging hung up for the 1st time ever, we can do so they formed these real not to list explore. and why is that in full sense? well, it allows us to use these new tracking technologies to understand how the individuals interact with each other. local interactions over the scale of centimeters give rise to swarms that can extend of a hundreds of split columbus. this form is digitized, every dots on the monitor is a low cost on every line tracks individuals pos,

the data is recorded by an elaborate system. the 2 cameras film this moment a 100 frames per 2nd for a week. the imaging hang up provides up to more conditions. the temperature is kept to $28.00 degrees celsius. lights is the same wavelength as in nature. the stick is used for the 3 d evaluation on both during the insects and every evening. food is laid out for the swarm. the big question is, who's following? who? the so i'm has no consistently to end. this has been again reported from field observation, but i think this is the 1st time that we are using embedded code data to validate that by actually tracking the individual lucas, that is one means as, as i think that we have preliminary evidence for the other thing is about the social condition. so again, previously people have seen in the field that lucas that go ahead of the band. this

sometimes done back and return to the band. so this seems to be some sort of social attraction or social position that is pulling the sent and look is back into the band. and this again, we have some evidence of flawed from the embed code. to understand the bigger picture, the research just have to look at the individual animals, how lucas movies and how it reacts to its immediate environment, have an influence on the entire room. with this experiment, the scientists are trying to figure out which new role impulses make a lucas jump or run those interests in this. so i'm interested in the risk avoidance decisions on to examine that show the animal and approaching danger. it's just a black object with that's universally seen is a danger. if i can have the virtual it's form react to you and then see if the actual creature reacts to the swarm o 4. if it reacts to the stimulus of both together and we'll see ya bye of the same time, i can measure the narrow signals i sent off. no, no,

not as not often. when astonishing thing about lucas williams is that they appear completely unexpectedly, seemingly out of nowhere. a not cause in folks, and had seen that for also looking for the key impulses that contained individual animals into members of a swarm. to do this, they put individual lucas into a kind of 3 d cinema that they are confronted with the control that the research has can influence that will. this system is a custom build setup. it's the only one that exists. we designed it specifically to start the locust behavior and to see whether we can what are the, who is the governing locus marching direction. while the locust is marching, the research has record the speed and direction. it's moving and looking for data problems. they hope to provide insights into how individual animals influence this woman's a whole and maybe one day of

a clues on how to prevent swimming in the 1st place. the observing animals in the natural habitats isn't easy either. fish, for example, take off or disliked is selling this danger. like when the times of tries to creep up with a camera to stop them from fleeing, it's important to keep a low profile, stare up as little sand as possible. this works especially well if you have things like this route, thoughts which can slide autonomously to the water for up to 2 hours meet dell and under what a robot looks like a fish. it was developed by mechanical engineering students, the switch federal institute of technology, zurich, during its dives through about films and surroundings and collects what are called

e d n. a samples. genetic traces from things like excretions that organisms leave behind . the team helps bell will provide them with more information about bio diversity and the health of marine ecosystems. so our idea was to create a platform that actually fits into the system and that gets accepted as part of it . that's why we then develop the fish that has like a vision, is also accepted by other great creatures as a fish. just under a meter long tail, navigates with the help of a i. the marine robot is propelled by a flexible silicone fen bell moves almost silently and creates very little turbulence. if you look at the way that be probably going into the oceans, the delta a, lots i the amends on the water vehicles um, but they are definitely very disturbing. and they're certainly not made to go into these more delicate environments where we would love to get to the d and the from but that's not all. ready all right, do you want to really go and then the silence. this is like

a spiral disability coming in and being a spy on the marine life bell. and other robots like, it could soon be used by marine biologists around the world. or by the way, you can also visit us on trip talk best, cathy. hey, heather angle. take that there we answer your questions and clips that are fun, accurate, and to the point, but also based on the latest research, want to discover even more from the world of science. then follow us at dw science . trying to make a big leap from the depths of the sea to the depths of space where you'll find the pillars of creation. a striking formation of dustin gas, samuel oma from uganda, had a question about them. what uh,

if she dies over creation, how far are they from the uh, is this your permanent? oh, it's 10 years we've taken. oh, so what, all dependents of creation, and how are they changing over time? huge columns of stella, dustin gas, suspended in space about 75, wasn't like use for move. they go by name, the penis of creation because new stalls are formed in 1995 the hubble space telescope, deliberate, this show formation, one of its best moving images in the columns enveloped in a yellowish haze. geishas of my time and space stuff. the young started screaming inside the palace released huge amounts of radiation energy that causes the dust and gas to glue the different telescopes of set the sites on the

vast dusk images from the spits. the space tennis group showed the columns in the infrared spectrum revealing the traces to the cosmic drama, a cloud of hot gas and dust. it might to come from a stop that exploded about 6000 years ago. the, in fact, the shock wave may have already destroyed the pillars of creation, even though they can still be seen in a couple of images from 2015. that's because light from them takes 7000 years to reach us. the info, red images allow us to see through the dense dust clouds in the columns of transparent silhouette against the background filled with countless stones. the dis line reveals the forces at play. during starbucks. it properly originated in a gigantic stream of matter,

ejected from a solar system that still in the early stages of development, the astronomers continued to be fascinated by the pillars of creation. no wonder then they were an early target for the james web space telescope as well. its images to reveal more about the turbulent this is new stones and make the pillars of creation shine in even more spectacular splendor. it's all good is read. why all the do you have a science question for us then send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your query on the air, you'll receive a little surprise as a thank you. go on. just ask the strong them is also look up at the sky from the surface,

but they don't mist bedroom weather can get in the way of ups of ations. so when placing a telescope location is key, the higher to come a desert in chile provides optimal conditions. the it is nearly always dried, clear and cloudless. it to me is never rains. and cities that could spoil the night sky with all to official lights of far away during the day it looks like the surface of mars. but at night this place turns into a paradise. at least for astronomers. i'm in the common deserts in chile, one of the driest places on of the sky here is clearer than anywhere else. so it's ideal for the world's largest telescope. stay 1st and foremost, the v o t, which is contributed to nobel prize winning. lisa, i saw the very large telescope for b, l t for short is one of the most important optical in for read telescopes in the

world. famous discoveries made with it include the black hole at the center of our galaxy and evidence of an expanding universe. european southern observatory astronomers, susanna run to takes us into the nerves center of one of its 4 main telescopes, where everything is being made ready for the night's observations. a few less tests are running before the dome opens to the telescopes, huge eye on the sky. the past life takes here is complicated so that it's not something i me to main mirror helps just one end of the lp ones. what happens is light comes in from mountain the unit of the mountain him is often from the sky. it hits that may mirror a subject yet is reflected back to the 2nd mirror of the in that black cylinder with dust. i mean, that's been reflected back to us, the mayor of you. good. definitely up in that. so it's sticking out of the main

member of the box. what do we need from this? the mirror of the light is reflected into the instrument, the records, the centralization of when the sun goes down, work begins up on, settled out on a mountain. when everything is ready, most people here enjoy taking a break for a special tradition, enjoying the sunset together. the sooner the sun has almost set and the sky needs to be dogs, so we can watch the stalls and ultimately the so we just getting started yet, get this list because the night shift starts with dozens of measurements. everyone is highly focused. isn't your inclinations to be able to control room where they control everything that happens up the with the telescopes. every single telescope has its own area. and that's where the engineers and scientists control it. split us to this both. susanna randall and meet shift coordinator stuff and me, scott, who's in charge today. he's currently checking

a measurement momentum bull bookkeeping. right now we're observing a galaxy miss missing $833.00. and it's a galaxy where there's quite a bit of star formation going on. and astronomers are very interested in understanding that star formation uh these, this dan, in student to, to 15 with help from various filters. the in for read images give rise to impressive shots, a distant galaxies like messy 8334 click. those are objects here in our milky way, like the covina, or the or ryan that'd be less the because the atmosphere causes light to flicker interfering with observations, the astronomers have figured out a way to adjust for it the laser guide star. the laser is laser is short, high into the sky, creating an artificial star 90 kilometers a minute,

which we then use to calibrate on measurements to produce a sharp image. which is the adaptive optics and the v l team. we can get images almost through shop is a james web space telescope and in the future will be able to achieve even sharper images. room has been made on this summit of nearby cetera. amazon is for the extremely large telescope, the e l t. when completed, it will be the largest optical telescope in the world. well it's huge and 60 meters in diameter, meat, but that's nothing compared to what the doom of the telescope will look like when it's finished. it will be 85 meters high. it's me to hook side. the gigantic main mirror will be 39 meters across and enable a completely new kind of astronomy. so these increases a giant leap forward,

and i want to look out further into the universe and understand more about it. on the c l t will be able to distinguish us like planets. for instance, i'm the right mosquito c of one. yeah. so it could tell us if there might be an a $2.00 out that is by publicity, the world's largest telescope is slated to start searching at the end of the decade . but the b o t will also continue to look into the big questions, tend to develop new technology like the v l t i as a huge center for rom it or that optically conducts the measurements of all for telescopes yeah, light is taken uncorrelated with respect to the mirror as for the so wave chris, a super imposed wave chris on that. and it's done it. wavelengths of 2 to 2.5 micro meters, 10. they have to be put together very precisely with these mirrors, but it's, it's really a mind boggling achievement localize to tongue eyes and how from the max punk

institute for extra terrestrial physics. and if the technical university of munich works with the v l t t and his team developed an instrument they called gravity sydney visible the motion of the stars around the secretary is a giant black hole at the center of our galaxy. the work also provided more proof for hind stein's general theory of relativity must be its most. what we want to measure now is whether the prediction is correct. what is, what is the black hole really only determined by the rotation of space, time and mass, or a space time strangely deformed? to reach for form c, i use it may be, egg shaped or shape like a clover leaf. you could determine that from the shape of stellar orbits gordon vaughn, for missing your one device to black holes will play a star enrolled in solving this big physics puzzle. i have

that, so we have time for on tomorrow today. the science show thanks for joining us. and see you again next week. but for now the, the, the, the

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