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[000:00:00;00] the, at the end of the 19th century, africa was divided between european empires, which mercilessly oppress the indigenous population. modern day tends and e, uh, used to be a german colony. the germans levied heavy taxes on local drives, and use them as free labor on cotton plantations. fastens protest, turned into an uprising against the colonial list. under the banner of the religious movement of the magazine, margie, it was led by

a man named kinsey to the rebels used guerrilla tactics. because they did not have the power to crush the german army in head on confrontation. but the germans were not able to suppress the resistance of the guerrillas either. so the invaders decided to starve that population to day. one of the commanders of the german troops kept in wagon. heim wrote only anger and one can lead to final submission. military actions alone will remain more or less a drop in the ocean. the blasphemous bland work. the invaders burned villages and fields. in 2 years, germany deliberately starved up to 300000 people did that later. the monstrous experience of the 2nd right in tanzania was copied by the 3rd right, led by the nazis in order to extricate the peoples of europe.

the burger and fries might look harmless, it's your basic ne, brad, some let us tomatoes and maybe some potatoes. some might even consider this to be a perfectly balanced ill. but is it really? i'm christy, i'm, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to be dissecting the issues that impact our plates and ultimately our lives. we're gonna need delving into the world of fast food and explore all of the hitting costs. these preservative and additives have on our society's health. the fast food has become synonymous with convenience, but at what cost? fast food with its high levels of saturated fat sugars and empty calories has played a significant role in the obesity epidemic that we see today. and as we know, obesity is linked to

a myriad of health issues from heart disease to diabetes because fast food produces millions of pounds of food every day. it is meant to be affordable and consumed quickly. most fast food meals are prepared from frozen canned or the hydrated products and are simply reheated before serving. these fluids are high in calories below a nutrition which means that they'll leave you feeling hungry and cause you to binge eat. aside from the usual culprits of salt and sugars and fast food, there are many hidden chemical ingredients views and preparing the meal. chemicals are added to most fast food products to make them last longer and taste better. but these chemicals compromise, the nutritional quality of the food. common chemicals include pro faleen glycol, which is an additive that stabilize moisture to prevent ingredients from sticking together or drying out. it is toxic and high doses. the sodium nitrate is a preservative to keep neat products like baking ham, or be fresher for longer well,

enhancing their color. and this has been linked to certain types of cancer. synthetic food dies, which are used to make fluids look more appealing, can also cause allergic reaction and has been linked to different types of cancer. and now we have filler products such as cellulose and potassium bro made. they are added to stick in products like meat and bread, and this can interfere with the bodies, natural nutrient absorption systems, satellites, which are found in gloves, boxes and plastic wrap to use to prepare foods are also commonly found in fast food . this class of chemicals is linked to infertility, pregnancy, complications, diabetes, and again, cancer fast food chains also rely on large scale factory fires, which be genetically modified chickens, pigs, and cows that are fed antibiotics to make them grow faster. and in the end, the antibiotics end up in your body when you eat their meat. processing fluids often involves stripping fluids of their natural neutrons, leaving us with meals, packed with additives preservers,

and excess salt. these added as might enhance taste and shelf life, but they come at a price to our health preservatives, while expanding shelf life can wreck havoc on our bodies. to some studies suggest a correlation between preservative and process foods and an increased and risk of cancer. these additives disrupt our bodies, natural balance and over time may contribute to the development of various health issues. and now today we're joined by author, mary nestle, professor of nutrition, food studies and public health at new york university. so marianne, can you elaborate on the nutritional pitfalls associated with a died heavily reliance on fast food and process meals? things like eating and mcdonalds, burke or even a subway sandwich every day. a serious food and one are now called elder processed foods. you know, it's just that if you make them into a daily diet of the normal thing that you're reading, they have

a lot of calories and people tend do too much of them. so those kinds of diets are associated with gaining weight and gaining weight is associated with heart disease and certain kinds of cancers and type 2 diabetes and all of those problems. and what has happened is that the american diet has become increasingly processed and increasingly based on fast foods. and so i have them, i've been around for a long time. so i have, you know, historical memory about this, where my kids were young. i took them to mcdonald's on their birthdays. it was a really big deal and they had wonderful birthday celebrations. they still do actually, but we didn't need it. mcdonald's decreased the rest of the year. you know, i could do the home. and so it's the difference between mcdonald's once a year in mcdonalds, every day is a large number of calories. and,

and that's really what the problem is. but even fast food back then has to different fast food scene healthy, you're in less process then nowadays. is that true or is that just a disc, a miss dodging memory? let's say you don't think so. i mean, they were processed from the beginning. what's happened is the portion sizes have gotten larger and i had a doctoral student, we see young who did that research and demonstrated that there was a very large increase in the size of fest portions between 19801992000. and those larger portions of stock, larger portions have moved calories. and how have you seen the health landscape changed with the increased consumption of fast fitted? the most obvious one is that 70 percent of american adults are now overweight or obese. so that's obviously these become them, it's the o,

it's the average. the average person is overweight or obese and that's becoming increasingly true of children. that wouldn't be a problem. this obesity didn't carry risks with this. and it raises the problem, the problem, the, the more overweight you are, the grey your, your risk for developing chronic diseases. so it's a, it's a probably ability estimate. it doesn't affect everybody, but it certainly raises risks. and if i were going to say what the main problem with the american diet is that people are reading too much. and so that obesity has become the norm. and i think you might be right. visually you get used to seeing people who are just bigger and better. yeah, we're used to people the heavier so anybody's not looks ok. that's what i mean by normalization of obesity. and it carries hill risks. so to everybody who is overweight has problems,

but it raises the probabilities. and can you speak to the specific health challenges such as cardiovascular issues and diabetes that are often linked to diets rich and fast food? well, the 1st one is the 1st was type 2 diabetes always because that's very, very closely associated with all the way. and then type 2 diabetes and overweight are risk factors for heart disease, certain kinds of cancer, bad outcome from coven 19 and overall mortality? and are there noticeable trends and the types of health problems emerging due to the prevalence of process foods in our diet? well, the big one is tied to diabetes or heart disease has a heart disease as many other causes. and rates of heart disease are down and rates of many kinds of cancer. but the prevalence of type 2 diabetes isn't increasing. and how can individuals make healthier choices when navigate landscape

that's dominated by fast food options? well, i would say the 1st thing to understand is how they're being marketed to. and recognizing the extent of marketing and how difficult it is as an individual to fight an entire food system on your own. it's really hard to know if there's fast food everywhere. if that's the only food that's available, if it's the cheapest, if you really love the way it tastes and it's designed to be something that you loved, and that's what it's supposed to be about. and recognize that these foods are widely available. they're cheaper and there is to be delicious reason. it's all about marketing because food companies are not social service agencies and they're not public health agencies, their businesses, their job is so more food, not less. if you eat less, you're finding an entire food system is a fast food industry,

taking steps to offer healthier options. and how can the industry balance profit motives with a commitment to public health? well, they can't really, unless customers demand is healthy or us options and their customers are not making those kinds of domains. you know, already the under pressure. they may try to remove some of the salt or some of the sugar or we'll make smaller portions. but basically they're going to do what sales . so it's, it's a combination and if people are, this is what people are asking for. it's, i think, asking, go, want to for them to do something in there that's against their financial interest. and their stockholders won't let, i mean, it sounds like you're asking the consumer to have accountability. oh, that wouldn't be nice. i would be asking the food industry to kind of accountability of, you know, i got involved in this because i was going to lots of meetings on trial through

obesity. and everybody at those meetings would say, how are we going to teach moms to feed their kids more helpful? that nobody was saying? how are we going to keep to companies for marketing junk food? so our kids in every possible way so that our kids know what junk food is, even if we don't have it in. thank you so much, professor nestle, but please stick around. a professor, mary, nestle will stay with us right here after the break. and when we come back, we'll explore a crucial question. do consumers prioritize cheaper fast foods over price your healthier options when it comes to the diets? stay tuned for more the same wrong. just don't you have to ship

out the constant and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves will support, we choose to look for common ground, the the the, what is part of the visit that the employee would posted isn't the defense you of us and that in the word part is it something deeper, more complex might be present good, let's stop without collision. let's go out of

or the, in the us the update allows new food ingredients like g hmo's, growth hormone and chemical preserved is unless it is proven to be harmful. in contrast to european e, f, s a requires editors to be proven safe before approval and has banned the use of growth hormones and several chemical additives. these differing philosophies lead to certain additives they allowed in the us, but banned in europe. and this includes the use of growth hormones, rac though so mean which increases lean muscle in livestock, potassium bro. make color ages b h a and b h t preservatives, a less stuff that's substitute and more. and even a most fast food is between the us and europe. it is not created equal. a startling difference was found when comparing a single slice of domino's pizza in the us with

a slice of domino's pizza in the u. k. now, dominos is a fast food pizza chain, so you really don't expect it to be healthy or very high quality. but a slice of pizza in the us contains more than twice the additives as the british version and nearly doubled the calories. while the cheese on the u. k. slide has just a handful of and greens, things you would expect, like martha rella, milk, salt and starter culture. the us side has a whole long list of ingredients to include fillers, thickener is artificial, flavorings and sodium. propane 8, the pizza del, like most american braz, also contain potassium bro, may, which is a band ingredient in europe, china, and india, due to concerns that it may be a carcinogen. potassium bro, made is used regularly in the us to strengthen dough and is present in more than 100 products. but most americans are likely unaware that there be exposed to substances in their food that europe considers to be dangerous. many common foods that we see in the groceries,

our band and other countries. things like ritz crackers, date or a week. bins, frosted flakes, skittles pop tarts, and those familiar with little dummies. pastry products, these foods all contain dies like yellow, 5 yellow, 6 and red. 40 which has been indicated they could be harmful to health, especially in young children. so why does the us still allow these ingredients when it has been shown to cause harm? well, because the food industry has a very powerful trade groups and lobbyists, they claim that the vibrant colors are important to their industry for them to create snacks, juices, yogurt, and desserts. and as a capitalist country, many decisions are made with profit in mind. not necessarily people. and a landmark decision last year, california became the 1st state to follow in the footsteps the you and band, the usage a red dye 3, as well as several other chemical additives. and food and beverage products to this

guy is present in hundreds of candies and snacks. like ding dongs peeps and even pedia. sure. hopefully this will pressure the up the a to make a final ruling in regards to some of these additive. so for this and more, let's bring in again, author marian, nestle, professor of nutrition, food studies, and public health that new york new university. marian, can you discuss the variation and food regulations between countries, particularly regarding preservatives, an additive? well, the countries in europe have more strict regulations and we do of our approach in the united states is to allow additives until they cause trouble. and then we take them off the markets in europe. they, if they can't prove safety, they're not on the market to begin with. so we have a much more or less a fair attitude towards the editor. it was how much of a problem that is, i have no idea now in countries with more regulated food industries. do you observe

a greater awareness and understanding of the health implications of food choices? well, certainly money regularly. that's why they're doing. and what factors within the food industry contribute to the widespread use of additive and preservatives? they sell? remember the food industry is about selling products. you can get people to gray kaye and people like eating candy, that's very bright colors. so the food is she puts in very bright colors. yes, but for example, beaches can also color or can you read or another vegetable can be used to turn. it can be yellow. not as well as the bad because, you know, you get a much more stable color if you're dealing with one of those organic compounds that's associated with cancerous. and so the, and also they're cheaper. so the food companies want to keep the cost of food as low as possible because that's how they sell is and they're interested in selling

as much food as possible and they're not going to do anything is against their self interest. so to what extent does consumer demand for convenience and longer shelf live, try the inclusion of additives and preservatives, and food products? well, i don't think the consumers are fighting for longer shelf was consumers is certainly fighting for convenience because people were long hours and, and that's difficult. but, you know, the food industry is making products that people will want to buy. so there's an interaction there, but people buy foods because they're advertise too because they're marketing because they're available because they're cheaper and because their life so the food industry isn't going to do anything that's going to change that particular formulation because they're in the business of selling more food, not less. and that was never a problem into obesity became problem when everybody ought to be easy. everybody

ought to be eating less. but the food industry makes it very difficult either ongoing efforts within the industry to explore alternative methods of preserving food without rely on traditional additives. um, i have no idea. i'm sure there are. i mean food is always been preserved. and if your company make a, uh, you know, a junk food, you want it to be a shell stable as possible, is here to throw everything in it that will do that. and most preservatives are fine. you know, i mean i, i just don't see, i don't see additives is the, the biggest problem in the food supply. i see cowards is being the largest problem . actually i went to the supermarket the other day and i saw that a bag of bread crumbs had silicone additive. so what do you think about a simple piece of bread having additives like that? you probably do it probably digital keep the bread crumbs from clumping.

so study vanessa, i'm not aware that silicone is a big problem in the food supply. but if you want bread crumbs all you do is toast bread and make bread crumbs. very easy. do. maybe you're being pride more pragmatic because you know, you can't control the food industry. yeah, i mean if you don't like those fluids, don't you don't. you don't want silicone. your bread crumbs don't. that's your choice. you're somebody who reads food labels in your reading list. don't buy that stuff. that's a really easy way to deal with this, but you're finding entire food system on your that's a big jump. but are there differences in the use of additive between local artisan, all products and large scale mass produced items? large usually don't trucks don't have access to those entities. you know, they're industrial additive,

they're not going to be using nobody who's making ortiz it. okay. and is going to put big, you know, big organic dies and they're just not going to because they're advertising, the candy is be healthier. and, you know, and better may. so, i mean, once again, that's your choice about what you're going to be by. and in terms of having a choice, our terminal candies, for example, and breads and organic food in general are also a lot more expensive move course there are that's policy. that's because federal policy rewards the very, very large rewards, big food, big agriculture, big every big soda, big every, big, fast food, big everything. that's where that, because of the way the political system is set up. those are the industries that have the political power and the money. and so the government does pulse is the

benefit them. the government doesn't do policies that benefit small producers. do you think that americans are mostly slaves to the whole system? oh, absolutely, sure. the government sold the corporations without question because of the way our electoral system works as the ability of royalty corporations to give as much money as they want to candidates for office until the electronic system changes. i don't see how we change that, but that's the 1st thing to work on. let's elect people to congress for interested in public health concept. we barely hear that sort of conversation that doesn't even come up on political debates at any level. i don't know when students ask me what they can do, that's the 1st thing i tell them, run for office. when we travel, change your up or anywhere. i feel good after eating versus people in the states are noticeably known to have digestive issues. why is that?

i have absolutely no idea but so, so we like you can just change or define yourself by more organic food and cooking and eating at home. now i do books and i certainly are in favor of organics because of the production values, they use fewer pesticides, i think and better methods for growing for me. and i think that's a good thing. and you know, i'm very fortunate i can afford it overall. do you think things are getting better or worse and the food industry? oh, i think it's very easy for people with money to leave this country. i don't know why you're having any problems helping with education money, can you just fine? that's not a problem. it's the people who don't have any money that you worry about, because the johnsons are so much cheaper than healthier food. so we want people

to pick real foods and cook to mistake, and then that's become a privilege in our society. do you think people are becoming more educated and their food purchases? yeah, depends on who you're talking about. some people are, some people aren't and do you think things are going to get better when it comes to purchasing food? well, they are getting better, at least for certain, at least for people who can take advantage of their getting better. food in supermarkets is much better now than it was 30 years ago. really, anybody with education in money can eat healthfully anywhere in america. because foods are widely available. and the, you know, it's the people who aren't, you know, who don't know the difference and who don't have the money to do that. you worry about lease, i do. thank you so much, professor nestle for all your time today. so does a all these preservatives and artificial chemicals take

a toll on the body is absolutely the u. s. leads in obesity, heart disease, cancer and diabetes compared with europe. and while there are differences in lifestyle and stress, food is a major part of this. a much larger fraction of the everyday food sold in european grocery stores is lacking and preserved is artificial. flavorings and artificial colors in europe. the food has to be gotten from farm to consumer very quickly. so the supply chain has to be very efficient. there's a lot more slack in the us because much of the food can be stashed away in warehouses, 4 months before it reaches the shells. this scale food while it can taste and look appealing, is actually lacking in nutrients. so while it might cost more to eat fresh pear foods compared to fast foods, the cost to your health and your life might very well be worth it. i'm christy. i thanks for watching and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything

the is already those online laws can be cited by lawrence. these can be satisfied for the importance of we can never be of

a station so that transparency is extraordinary. john mystic patrice then just succeeded in finding the documents that existed in making them available to the world public. i mean, what could be more moving back by publishing information and sharing information with the public. he was exercising the right to free speech. he did so in the public interest was to so mom realized tends to me uh, in dalton and honestly to relate to seriously, i know why advice may assume that no one who is the guy that illegal anymore wisely bought the adjustments for him to be on box weighing a 174, he used to go through the sentence all week. going to let that stay the

the . but i would like to emphasize once again that we are in favor of negotiations, but not in the format of imposing any schemes unless that have nothing to do with reality. allow them or put in the safety of as dragging its feet over negotiations to resolve the brain conflict. the statement came during a meeting between the russian president of his fellow russian country part in moscow on thursday. also ahead of the tensions mines in the middle east, there runs representatives into you and say the security council could help prevented an escalation with israel by condemning it to attack this month on the union consulate in syria. the chinese