B UMemo na Aiuiax, BceMunocmueun, MwioebpdHun!
KPATKO HJIIOCTPOBAHO
BT>BE^EHHE B HCJIJIMA
Ha ntpBaTa KopHqa:
CBeu^eHaTa flwaMMfl b MeKKa.
Ha neTBtpTaTa KopHqa:
flwaMMflTa Ha npopoKa MyxaMMefl b MeflMHa.
KPATKO HJIIOCTPOBAHO
BtBE^EHHE B HCJIHMA
IIpeBOA OT aHrjIHHCKH
KeMan B030B
,IIpo3peHHe - 1424"
Co4>hh • 2004
A BRIEF ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING
ISLAM
Second edition
©1997, 1996 1. A. Abu Harb
Darussalam, Publishers and Distributors, Huston, Texas, USA,
1997
PeflaKTopn:
HayHHM peflaKTopw:
Dr. William (Daoud) Peachy
Professor Harold Stewart Kuofi
Michael (Abdul-Hakim) Thomas
Professor F. A. State
Tony (Abu-Khaliyl) Sylvester
Professor Mahjoub 0. Taha
Idris Palmer
Professor Ahmad Allam
Jamaal Zarabozo
Professor Salman Sultan
Ali Al-Timimi
Associate Professor H. 0. Sindi
© 2004, KeMan B030B, npeBOfl ot aHrnuftciui
ISBN 954-91515-1-4
„npo3peHne - 1424"EOOfl
CT>,m>P;»CAHHE
nPEflroBOP. 7
ritpBa maBa
A0KA3ATEJ1CTBA 3A MCTMHHOCTTA HA MCJlflMA
I. HayHHMTe nyqeca b CBeu^eHMsq KopaH 9
A. CBeu^emiflT KopaH 3a pa3BMTneTO Ha HOBeujKMfl eivi6pMOH 10
B. CBeu^eHMflT KopaH 3a nnaHMHMTe 15
B. CBeu^eHMflT KopaH 3a npon3xofla Ha BceneHaTa 18
T. CBeu^eHMJiT KopaH 3a maBHMfl M03tK 20
fl. CBeu^eHMflT KopaH 3a MopeTaTa v\ peKMTe 21
E. CBeu^eHMflT KopaH 3a fltn6oKMTe MopeTa v\ BbTpewHUTe BtnHM..24
>K. CBeu^eHMflT KopaH 3a o6naL(MTe 26
3. KoMeHTapM Ha yneHM othocho HayHHMTe nyqeca
b CBeu^eHMfl KopaH 31
II. OrpoMHOTO npeflM3BMKaTencTBO fla ctTBopniu cypa,
no,qo6Ha Ha cypiue ot CBeu^eHMsq KopaH 36
III. Bn6neiicKM npeflCKa3aHMsq 3a noaBaTa
Ha MyxaMMefl #, ripopoKa Ha ncrmivia 37
IV. 3HaMeHM5q ot CBeu^eHMfl KopaH npeflM3BecTflBaT 6tfleu^n
cb6nTna, no-KbCHO komto ce cnyHBaT 38
V. Hyqeca, M3BtpiueHM ot ripopoKa MyxaMMefl # 39
VI. 06nKHOBeHMflT >kmbot Ha MyxaMMefl ® 40
OeHOMeHanHOTO pa3npocTpaHeHne Ha ncrmivia 43
BTopa maBa
HflKOM nOJ13M OT MCJlflMA
I. OTKpMBaHe ntTfl KfcM BeHHMfl Pan 45
II. CnaceHMe ot OrtHsq Ha Afla 46
III. Mctmhcko u^acTiie m BKrpeweH MMp 47
IV Onpou^eHMe 3a bcmhkm npeflMUJHM rpexoBe 48
TpeTa maBa
OBIHA MHOOPMAUM^ 3A MCJlflMA
KaKBO e McnflM? 49
Hakom ochobm Ha BJipaTa 49
1. Bapa b Annax 49
2. Bapa b AHrenMTe 51
3. Bapa b M3npaTeHMTe ot Annax khmtm 51
4. Bapa b npopoqiiTe v\ npaTeHML(MTe Ha Annax 52
5. Bapa b CtflHMfl fleH 52
6. Bapa b An-Kadap 52
MMa nv\ flpyr CBeu^eH m3tohhmk ocBeH CBeu^eHMfl KopaH? 53
ripMMepM Ha npeflaHMJi ot ripopoKa MyxaMMefl # 53
KaKBO Ka3Ba wcnflMtT 3a CtflHMsq fleH? 54
no KaKbB HaHMH HOBeK MO>Ke fla CTaHe MiocionMaHMH? 56
KaKBO npeflCTaBnaBa CBeu^eHMsqT KopaH? 57
Kom e ripopoKa MyxaMMefl #? 58
KaK pa3npocTpaH5qBaHeTO Ha McnsqMa Bnnae
Btpxy pa3BMTneTO Ha HayKaTa? 59
Kofi e MMcyc cnopefl MiocionMaHMTe? 61
KaKBO Ka3Ba wcnflMtT 3a Tepopn3Ma? 63
HoBeiuKMTe npaBa v\ cnpaBeflnnBocrra b Mcnaivia 64
CTaTyrbT Ha>KeHaTa b Mcnaivia 66
CeMeMCTBOTO b McnaMa 67
KaK ce OTHacfiT MiocionMaHMTe KtM Bt3pacTHMTe? 67
nerre CTtn6a Ha wcnaMa 68
1. 3acBMfleTencTBaHeTO Ha BapaTa 68
2. MonMTBaTa 69
3. flaBaHeTO Ha MMnocTMHflTa 3eKam 69
4. ToBeeHeTO npe3 Meceq PaMaflaH 70
5. rioKnoHeHMeTO xadx 70
JlMTepaTypa 72
nPE^roBOP
Ta3H KHHra e KpaTKO BtBefleHHe b HCJiaMa. To ce cbctoh ot Tpn nia-
BH.
B irbpBara raaBa, ffoKa3ame.ncmea 3a ucmuHHoemma na ucjihmo, ce
flaBa oiTOBop Ha BaacHH h necTO nocTaBaHH BtripocH, kohto xopaTa 3a-
flaBaT:
• flajiH CBemeHHHT KopaH e hcthhhoto cjiobo, H3npaTeHO ot Aji-
jiax (Bor)?
• flajiH MyxaMMe^ 1 e HancTHHa IlpopoK, ronpareH ot Ajinax?
• flajiH HancTHHa HCJiHM'bT e pejiHrna ot Ajinax?
B Ta3H raaBa ca npe^CTaBeHH mecT BH^a flOKa3aTejiCTBa:
I. HayHHHTe nyqeca b CBemeHHH KopaH. Ta3H Hacr, nozjicpeneHa
OT HJIIOCTpaHHH, o6C"b»C^a HJIKOH HaCKOpO OTKpHTH HayHHH (JjaKTH OT
CBenjeHHa KopaH, HH3nocjiaH npe^H noBene ot neTHpHHaiiceT Beica.
II. OrpoMHOTO npeflH3BHKaTejiCTBO aa
CBTBopHui rjiaBa (cypa), noaoSHa Ha Te3H ot
CBemeHHH KopaH. B CBemeHHa KopaH Ajinax
npeAH3BHKBa bchhkh xopa m Cb3flaflaT noHe e,a-
Ha raaBa, nonoGHa Ha raaBHTe ot CBemeHHH Ko-
paH. OTKaKTO CBemeHHaT KopaH e ronpareH,
npe^H HeTHpHHaiiceT Beica, p,o Haiira ^hh hhkoh
He e b CBCTOHHHe ^a nocpenjHe TOBa npeflH3BH-
KaTencTBO, MaKap ne HaH-MajiKara raaBa b Khh-
rara Ha Ajinax (cypa 108) ce cbctoh caMO ot j\q-
ceT flyMH.
III. BhSjichckh npeacKa3aHHH 3a nosiBaTa
Ha Myxaivuviefl H, IIpopoKa Ha ncjisuvia. B Ta3H
nacT ca o6cb,neHH hjikoh ^OKa3aTejiCTBa cnope,a BnGjinaTa 3a noaBara
Ha IIpopoKa MyxaMMe^ S.
Cannenaxy anewxn Be cenneM - Annax fla ro 6narocnoBM v\ c Mnp fla ro flapn.
IV. 3HaivieHHHTa b CBemeHHH KopaH, kohto npeflH3BecTHBaT
SbflemH cbShthh, ce cjiyHBaT iio-ki>cho. CBemeHiMT KopaH cnoMe-
HaBa 3a cbGhthh, ocbmecTBeHH no-KBCHO, HanpHMep no6e^aTa Ha po-
MeHTe Hap, nepcHTe.
V. HyqecaTa, H3BbpmeHH ot IIpopoKa MyxaMMe/i w. Mhokcct-
bo ny^eca ca H3BBpnieHH ot IIpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H. Te3H ny^eca ca
3acBH^eTejiCTBaHH ot MHoro xopa.
VI. OShkhobchhht 5khbot Ha MyxaMMefl iH. Ton acHO noKa3Ba,
ne MyxaMMe^ SI He e jitacenpopoK, a h HaMa npeTeHHHH, ne HMa mh-
CH>rra Ha npopoK, 3a pa nocTHrHe MarepHajraa rorona, Bejinnne hjih
BJiaCT
Te3H ^OKa3aTejiCTBa bqujit ^o cjie^HHTe 3aKjnoHeHHa:
• CBenjeHHaT KopaH e hcthhhoto cjiobo Ha Ajuiax, kocto Toii e H3-
npaTHji;
• MyxaMMe^ HancTHHa e IlpopoK, H3npaTeH ot Ajuiax;
• Hcjmmbt e HCTHHHaTa pejinrna ot Ajuiax.
Ako HCKaisie pa pa36epeM ,aajiH e^Ha pejiHraa e HCTHHHa hjih (pan-
niHBa, Tpa6Ba pa Ha^MorHeM eMOHHHTe, qyBCTBara, npeflyGeac^eHHjrra
ch h pa ce flOBepHM no-CKopo Ha pa3yisia h HHrejieicra ch. KoraTO Aji-
jiax H3npama npopou;HTe, Toii rn nQUKperoi c qyzjeca h ^OBOflH, kohto
^OKa3BaT, ne Te ca hcthhckhtb nparemmH Ha Ajuiax. CneflOBarejiHO
pejinrHHTa, kohto Te nponoBjmBar, e HCTHHHa.
Bi>b BTopaTa raaBa, Hhkoii nonm om ucjihmo, ce pa3HCKBar hmkoh
ot noji3HTe, kohto HCJiaMtT npeflOCTaBa Ha bcckh hobck, KaTo:
I. OncpHBaHe nbTsi kbm bchhhh Pan.
II. CnaceHHe ot orbHH Ha Aaa.
III. Hcthhcko macrae h BbTpeuieH MHp.
IV OnpomeHHe 3a bchhkh npeflHiiiHH rpexoBe.
TpeTaTa raaBa, Odiqa imcpopMaijiiH 3a hcjihmci, npe^CTaBH o6hjh
CBe^eHHa 3a HCJiaMa, KopHrnpa hjikoh norpeinHH cxBamaHira 3a Hero h
OTroBapa Ha necTO 3a^aBaHH BMipocn, KaTo:
• KaKBO e HcnaMCKOTO CTaHOBHme 3a TepopH3Ma?
• KaKbB e CTaTyTBT Ha >KeHara b HCJiHMa?
ritpBa rjiaBa
.ZJ0KA3ATE./ICTBA 3A HCTHHHOCTTA
HA HCJIflMA
Ajuiax noflKpena Cboji nocjie^eH IlpopoK MyxaMMe^ *§l c MHoro-
6poiiHH ny^eca h ^obquh, kohto ,noKa3BaT, ne toh e hcthhckh IlpopoK,
H3npaTeH ot Hero. Ajuiax noaKpena h nocjie^HOTO CBoe nocnaHHe -
CBenjeHHa KopaH, c MHoro nyneca, kohto AOKa3BaT HCTHHHOCTTa Ha
cjioboto, H3npaTeHO ot Hero, h ne KopanbT He e ctTBopeH ot HOBein-
Ka ptKa.
I. HayHHHTe nyaeca b CeemeHHsi KopaH
CBemeHHHT KopaH e hcthhhoto cjiobo Ha Ajuiax, KoeTO Toh h3-
npama Ha Cbos npopoK MyxaMMe^ % npe3 fl,acn6pHji (ApxaHren
raBpHHji). To e HaH3ycT3BaH0 ot MyxaM-
Mefl j§l, kohto cnefl TOBa ro ^HKTyBa Ha cbo-
HTe cnoflBH>KHHLi;H. Te Ha cboh pefl ro Han-
3ycT3BaT h 3anncBaT nofl KOHTpona Ha npo-
poKa. OcBeH TOBa npopoKa MyxaMMe^ S
npenoBTapa CBenjeHHa KopaH 3ae^HO c
fl,>KH6pHji no BeflHtac BcaKa ro^HHa h ^Ba
m>TH npe3 nocneflHara ro^HHa ot cboh jkh-
bot Ot BpeivieTO Ha HH3nocjiaBaHeTO Ha
CBenjeHHa KopaH ^o Hainn jxtm BHHarn HMa
OrpOMeH 6pOH MIOCIOJIMaHH, kohto Han3yc-
TaBaT GyKBa no GyKBa Henna CBenjeH KopaH. Hskoh ot thx ^opn ca
cnocoGHH p,a ro HaroycTaT ^o fleceTronHiima Bi>3pacT. Hhto e^Ha GyK-
Ba ot CBenjeHHa KopaH He e npoisieHeHa npe3 BeKOBeTe.
CBemeHHaT KopaH, HH3nocjiaH npe^H noBene ot neTHpHHanceT Be-
Ka, cnoMeHaBa (J)aKTH, kohto ejspa Hanocjiefl-bK ca otkphth hjih ^OKa-
3aHH ot yneHHTe. ToBa ,aaBa 6e3cnopHH .noKasarejiCTBa, ne CBemeHH-
st KopaH e hcthhhoto cjiobo, H3npaTeHO ot Ajinax h hq HeroB aBTop
He e hhto MyxaMMe^ H, hhto Haicoe flpyro HOBeniKO ci>mecTBO. ToBa
flOKa3Ba cbmo, ne MyxaMMe^ ® e ^eHCTBHTejiHO ronpareHHHT ot Aji-
jiax npopoK. H3yMHTejiHO e, ne npe^H xHjia^a h hbthphctothh roflHHH
hhkoh e 3Haeji (Jmicra, kohto ce OTKpHBaT h ^OKa3BaT eppa HanocjiefltK
c noMonjTa Ha ciBpeMemia anapaTypa h cjiokhh Haynmi MeTO^H. Eto
hhkoh npHMepn:
A. CBEUJEHHHT KOPAH
3 A PA3BHTHETO HA HOBEHIKHR EMEPHOH
B CBemeHHa KopaH Ajinax onpe^ejia eTanHTe Ha pa3BHTHe Ha ho-
BeniKHH 3apoflHin:
„Ci>meopuxMe Hue uoeena om noddpana zjiuna, noaie zo ocma-
eajne - nacmuu,a cnepjna - na cuzypno Macmo, noaie om nacmuu,a-
ma cnepjna cb3daeaMe cbcupeK (ojirko) u cb3daeaMe Kamo Kbcue na-
&b6KaHO Meco (jnydza), u om Kbcuemo cb3daeajne Kocmu, u noKpuea-
Me Kocmume c run>m, noaie zo otpopjnnMe e dpyzo meopenue. Ena-
zoaioeen e Ajijiox, Hau-npeKpacHunm Teopeu,!" 1
(KopaH, 23: 12-14)
Apa6cKaTa .nyisia annua ma Tpn 3HaHeHHa: 1) nHHBHua, 2) Henjo
3aKaHeHO h 3) cbcnpeHa KptB.
KoraTO cpaBHHBaMe nHMBHua c eisiGpnoH b eTana ojirko, HaMHpaMe
npnjiHKa Meac^y ^BeTe 2 , KaKTO ce BHac^a Ha (Jmr. 1 . Ha T03H eTan eM-
GpHOHtT nojiynaBa xpaHa ot KptBTa Ha MafiKara, noflo6HO Ha nnaBH-
iiara, kohto ce xpaHH ot KptBTa Ha flpyrrrre 3 .
Btopoto 3HaHeHHe Ha .ziyMara ojirko e „Hemo 3aKaHeHo". ToBa, ko-
eTO ce BH>Kfla Ha r|'Hr. 2 h 3, e hmbhho „3aKaHBaHeTo" Ha eivrGpnoHa b
yTpo6ara Ha MaiacaTa npe3 BpeMeTO Ha eTana ojirko.
1 0T6ejin3BaMe, He TOBa e npeBOA Ha 6yKBanHOTO 3HaMeHHe Ha CBeineHMH KopaH Ha 6bJirapcKH e3HK.
ABTeHTHMHHflT TeKCT Ha CBemeHiw KopaH e Ha apa6cKH e3MK.
= Moore and Persaud. The Developing Human, c. 8.
3 Moore and others. Human Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah, c. 36.
10
A. Human Embryo
forebrain
heart
cut edge of amnion
B. Leech
<Pnr. 1. PucyHKa, noKa3Bama BtHtuHaTa npunnKa Meway nnflBMU,aTa m mo-
BeLUKMfl eM6pM0H b eTana annua.
Our. 2. Ha Ta-
3M cxeMa ce BM)Kfla
„3aKa4BaHeT0" Ha
eM6pMOHa npe3
BpeivieTO Ha eTana
antiKa b yTpo6aTa
(MaTKaTa) Ha Maii-
KaTa.
cytotrphoblastic
shell
tertiary
villus
Our. 3. Ha T03M cpoTOMMKporpadp mo-
)Ke fla ce BMflM „3aKa4BaHeTo" Ha eM6pM-
OHa (0T6enfl3aH c B) npe3 BpeMeTO Ha eTa-
na ariRKa (Bt3pacT okoho 1 5 ahm) b yTpo-
6aTa Ha MaMKaTa. flewcTBHTenHunT pa3-
Mep Ha eM6pwoHa e okoho 0,6 mm.
11
TpeTOTO 3HaHeHHe Ha ^yMara ajinxa e „CBCHpeHa KptB". HaMHpaMe,
ne BtHiiiHiraT bhh Ha eisiGpnoHa no BpeMe Ha eTana annua HanonoGaBa
cbcnpeHa Kp-bB. ToBa ce fltiDKH Ha npnctCTBneTO Ha othocht6jiho ro-
JI3M0 KOJIHHeCTBO KptB, C'bfl'bp^KamO Ce B dVlGpHOHa no BpeMe Ha T03H
eTan 1 (b)k. (Jmr. 4). B ctmna eTan KptBTa b eisiGpnoHa He Linpicyjinpa j\o
icpaa Ha TpeTara ceflMnna 2 , 3aTOBa eM6pnoHbT e icaro CbcnpeHa KptB.
<Pnr. 4. CxeMa Ha
npuMMTMBHaia ctpfle4-
HO-ctflOBa cucTeivia Ha
eM6pnoHa no BpeMe Ha
eTana annua. BbHiuHM-
flT BMfl Ha eM6pMOHa
Hanoflo6aBa CbcnpeHa
KptB, KoeTO ce flbn>KM
Ha ronflMOTO Konn4ecT-
BO KptB b eM6pMOHa.
dorsal intersegmental arteries
anterior cardinal
veins
tertiary villus
vascular plexus on yolk sac
Tana Tpnre 3HaHeHHa Ha flyMara qjirkq orroBapaT tohho Ha onnca-
HneTO Ha eiviGpnoHa npe3 eTana ajiaxa.
CjieflBairrnaT eTan, cnoMeHaT b 3HaMeHHjrra, e eTantT Mydza. Apa6-
cicara flyivia Mydza 03HanaBa „Cfl"bBKaHa MarepHa". Ako CAtBHeM .ntBica
h nocjie a cpaBHHM c eisiGpnoHa npe3 eTana Mydza, nje 3aKjnoHHM, ne
eivrGpHOHtT b eTana Mydza npn^oGnBa Bn^a Ha CfltBRaHa MarepHa. To-
Ba ce fltiDKH Ha cerivieHTHTe no ri>p6a Ha eisiGpnoHa, „Hanono6)iBairrH
OTnenaTaHH 3i>6h Btpxy c^iBKaHa MaTepna" 3 . (B>k. r|'Hr. 5 h 6.)
Kax e bi>3mo>kho MyxaMMe^ H p& 3Hae bchhko TOBa npe^n 1400 ro-
flHHH, cnefl icaro Hayjcara e^Ba HacKopo ro OTicpHBa, KaTO H3noji3Ba ci>b-
peMeHHa anaparypa n ycbBtpuieHCTBaHH MHKpocKonn, kohto He ct>-
HjecTByBaT no OHOBa BpeMe? XaM h JlHyBeHxoK ca nbpBnre ynemi, ko-
hto H3CJieflBaT HOBemKara cnepivia, KaTO H3noji3BaT nonoGpeH MHicpoc-
Kon npe3 1677 r. (noBene ot 1000 ro^nHH cjie^ MyxaMMe^ H). Te
1 Moore and others. Human Development as Described in the Quran and Sunnah, 37-38.
2 Moore and Persaud. The Developing Human, c. 65.
3 riaKTaM, c. 8.
12
<Dnr. 5. CHMMKa Ha eM-
6pnoHa npe3 eTana Mydea
(Ha Bt3pacT 28 ahm). Em6-
pnoHtT npnnn4a no bma
Ha cflbBKaHa MaTepun, 3a-
paflu cerMeHTMTe no rtp6a
Ha eM6puoHa, Hanoflo6a-
Baii(M OTnenaTaHM 3t6n
Btpxy CflbBKaHa MaTepna.
TyK fleiicTBMTenHMaT pa3-
Mep Ha eM6pMOHa e 4 mm.
<Pnr. 6. Ako cpaBHMM
BMfla Ha eM6pnoHa npe3
eTana Mydaa c napne fltB-
Ka, koato e 6nna fltBKaHa,
KOHCTaTupaMe npunnKa
Me>Kfly flBeie.
A) PucyHKa Ha eM6pn-
OHa npe3 eTana Mydaa.
Bn>KflaT ce cerMeHTMTe no
rbp6a Ha eM6pnoHa, komto
Hanoflo6aBaT cneflu ot 3t-
6m.
B) CHMMKa Ha CflbBKa-
Ha fltBKa.
A. Embryo
mandibular
arch
otic pit
third branchial
arch
Actual size
26±1day
13
norpeiiiHO CMaTar, ne cnepMara Cbfltpaca MHHHanopHOTO, Bene o(J)op-
MeHO HOBeniKO ci>mecTBO, KoeTO HapacTBa, KoraTO nona^He b aceHCKH-
Te nojiOBH opraHH 1 .
IIoHeTHiDiT npocj). Khht Myp e e^HH ot Hafi-BH^HHTe cbctobhh
yneHH b oGjiacira Ha aHaTOMHMTa h eM6pHOJiorHjrra h aBTop Ha KHHra-
Ta Pa'seumuemo Ha uoeeKCi, npeBe^eHa Ha oceM e3HKa. KHHraTa e Hay-
neH cnpaBOHHHK h e H36paHa ot cneiijiajiHa komhchh b Cte^HHeHHTe
njaTH KaTO HaH-floGpna HH^HBH^yajieH, a He KOJieicrHBeH Tpyu, b cbot-
BeTHaTa o6jiacx ,11,-p Khht Myp e noneTeH npo(})ecop no aHaroMHa h
KjieTtHHa Gnojiorna b yHHBepcnreTa Ha TopoHTO, Kanaka. TaM toh e
3aMecTHHK-^eKaH no ecTecTBeHH HayKH bi>b OaKyirreTa no Me,zj,HHHHa
h b npozi'b.rDKeHHe Ha 8 ro^KHH e ptKOBOflHTeji Ha Kareflpara no aHaro-
mhh. Ilpe3 1984 r. toh nojiynaBa Han-npecTHacHaTa Harpa.ua b oGnacT-
Ta Ha aHaTOMHaTa b KaHa^a, rbjiaMara Harpa^a Ha KaHaflCKara acouH-
an,H5i Ha aHaTOMHTe. PtKOBO^HTeji e Ha mhoto Meac^Hapo^HH acoiijia-
hhh, TaKHBa KaTO KaHaflCKara h AMepnKaHCKaTa acoHHanna Ha aHaro-
MHre, h CtBeTa Ha Ci>i03a no Ghojiofhhhh HayKH.
Ilpe3 1981 r., no Bpeivie Ha CeflMara MczinnHHCica KOH^epemiHii b
flaMMaM, Cay^HTCKa ApaGna, npotj). Myp Ka3Ba: „OrpoMHO yzjOBOJiCT-
Bne 6eine 3a mch ,u,a noMoraa 3a roacHHBaHeTO Ha 3HaMeHHjrra b CBe-
HjeHHa KopaH othocho HOBeiincoTO pa3BHTne. ilcHO mh e, ne Te ca H3-
npareHH Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe,u, il ot Ajuiax, 3amoTO noHTH bchhkh
Te3H (j)aKTH ca ocTaHajin hchsbccthh onje MHoro BeKOBe cjie^ Hero.
ToBa mh noflCKa3Ba, ne MyxaMMefl H Tpa6Ba ,aa e 6hji npaTeHHK Ha
Ajuiax".
Cnefl KoeTO My 3a^aBaT Btiipoca: „3HaHH jih TOBa, ne Bne CMjrrare
CBenjeHHa KopaH 3a Bo>KHeTO cjiobo?", a toh OTroBapa: „He HaMnpaM
npenica b npneMaHeTO Ha to3h (JiaKT".
Ha flpyra KOHiJiepeHnna npo<}). Myp 3aaBHBa: „. . . Tin icaro ^a ce on-
pe^ejiaT eTannre b pa3BHTHeTO Ha HOBeniKHa 3apoflHin e cjio>kho nopa-
p,n HenpeKtCHaTHTe npoMeHH b npoueca Ha pa3BHTHeTO My, npeAJiara-
Me HOBa CHCTeMa 3a KjiacHiJiHicaiiHa, kojito H3noji3Ba TepMHHnre, cno-
MeHaTH b CBemeHna KopaH h cyHHaTa Ha MyxaMMe^ H. Ilpefljioace-
1 Moore and Persaud. The Developing Human, c. 9.
14
Hara CHCTeMa e npocTa, no,npo6Ha h cbo6pa3eHa etc CBBpeMeHHHTe
eM6pHOJiornqHH no3HamiH. Ilpe3 nocjie^HHTe nerapH roflHHH ycnjie-
hoto H3ynaBaHe Ha CBenjeHHa KopaH h xaflHcnre (kohto npeflCTaBjia-
Bar tohho npeflafleHH ot cnoziBioKHnnnTe Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ III
Cbo6meHHa 3a OHOBa, kocto toh Ka3Ba, npaBH h yTBtpac^aBa) pa3Kpn-
Ba CHCTeMara 3a KjiacHfJmKanna Ha HOBeniKHH 3apoflHin b Tax, kojito e
y^HBHTejiHa, t-bh KaTO e 3anncaHa npe3 VII b. ot HOBaTa epa. BtripeKH
ne ApncTOTen, ocHOBarejurr Ha Hayjcara eM6pHOJioraa, b pe3yjiTaT Ha
H3CJieflBaHeTO ch Btpxy KOKOine anne ycTaHOBaBa, ne nnjieniiaraT 3a-
ponnni ce pa3BHBa Ha eTann. Kaicro e H3BecTHO ot ncTopnaTa Ha eisi6-
pnojiornaTa, npe^n XX b. MajiKO ce 3Hae 3a onpe^ejiaHeTO Ha eTanHTe
H KJiaCHfJiHKaLlHHTa Ha HOBeiHKHJI 3apOflHHI. IIopaflH TOBa onncaHHeTO
Ha HOBeniKHa 3apoAHin b CBememra KopaH He MO>Ke p,a ce 6a3npa Ha
HajIHHHHTe HayHHH 3HaHHM npe3 VII BeK. EflHHCTBeHOTO JIOrHHHO 3aK-
jiiOHeHHe e: TOBa onncamie e pa3KpHTO Ha MyxaMMe^ HI ot Ajinax.
Toh He Moace ,aa 3Hae TaKHBa noflpo6HOCTH, 3amoTO e 6hji HerpaMOTeH
h 6e3 BcaKaKtB HayneH onHr".
E. CBEIUEHHXT KOPAH 3A IIJIAHHHHTE
OcHOBeH cnpaBOHHHK no BtripocHTe 3a 3eMjrra b MHoro ymreepcH-
TeTH no nan cbjit e KHHrara 3eMM. E^hh ot ^BaisiaTa h aBTopn e noneT-
HH3T npo<|). Opamc Ilpec. Toh e HayneH CBBeTHHK Ha e^HH ot 6nBiiiHTe
aiviepHKaHCKH npe3imeHTH, JJjkhmh KapTtp, h b npofltJiaceHHe Ha
12roflHHH e npe3H^eHT Ha HanHOHajmaTa aica/jeMim Ha Hayiarre, Ba-
niHHrTOH. Cnopefl Hero njiaHHrnrre HMaT KopeHH b ocHOBara ch 1 . Te3H
KopeHH ca fltJiGoKO noGnra b 3eM)rra, 3aTOBa njiaHHHnre HMaT (J)opMa
Ha noanopa (b»c. (Jjnr. 7, 8 n 9).
<Pnr. 7. nnaHMHMTe
HMaT KOpeHM flbn60KO
nofl noBtpxHocrra Ha
3eMnTa b 3eMHaTa Kopa.
Ocean
Press and Siever. Earth, c. 435. B*. cbino Tarbuck and Lutgens. Earth Science, c. 157.
15
British Isles N. Germany Alps Europe Russian Platform Caucasus
Our. 8. CxeMaTLMeH pa3pe3. nnaHUHme KaTO noflnopn MMaT fltn6oKM KopeHU b
3eMHaTa Kopa.
Mountain range
Deposition Sea level
___^
: ^r
Montain root
Our. 9. nnaHMHMTe npnflo6nBaT 4>opiviaTa Ha noflnopa 3apaflM flbn6oKMTe cm
KopeHM.
HisieHHO no to3h HanHH b CBememra KopaH ce oimcBar rmaHHHH-
Te:
pu
„He cmopuxMe jiu Hue 3eMama nocmeiia u njianuHume - nodno-
?"
(KopaH, 78: 6-7)
CiBpeMeHHaTa Hayica 3a 3eM)rra (eeo.noeim) ^OKa3Ba, ne njiaHHHHre
HMaT KopeHH fli>ji6oKO nofl 3eMHara noBtpxHOCT (b>k. (j)Hr. 9), kohto
MoraT fla flocrarHar imkojiko iii>th TaxHara Hafl3eMHa BHCOHHHa 1 .
Cjie^OBaTejiHO HaH-noflxoflamaTa ^ynia 3a onncaHHe Ha rmaHHHHTe e
jxyMara nodnopa, ti>h icaro noBeneTO npaBHjiHO nocTaBeHH no^nopH
1 El-Naggar. The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran, c. 5
16
npn CTpoHTejiCTBOTO ca CKpHTH no,a noBtpxHOCira Ha 3eM)rra. Hcto-
pmiTa Ha HayKara hh noKa3Ba, ne TeopnaTa 3a njiaHHHHTe, kohto HMaT
fli>ji6oKH KopeHH, ce noHBHBa e^Ba npe3 BTopaTa nojiOBHHa Ha
XIX BeK 1 .
IljiaHHHHTe nrpaaT BaacHa pojia 3a CTa6HjiH3HpaHe Ha 3eMHaTa ko-
pa 2 . Te Bi>3npen>iTCTBaT 3eMeTpeceHHjrra. Ajinax ica3Ba b CBemeHira
KopaH:
„H nojiojKii na 3eMnma nenoKJiamuMU njianunu, 3a da ne cejiw-
nee c eac. . . ".
(KopaH, 16: 15)
CiBpeMeHHara Teopna Ha TeKTOHHKara ci>mo Taxa noTBtpac^aBa,
ne njiaHHHHTe ^encTBaT KaTO CTa6HjiH3aTopH Ha 3eMjrra. (CKajiHOTO
BenjecTBO, H3rpaac,ziamo njiaHHHHTe, b 3eMHaTa Kopa e H^eajiHa ejiac-
TH^iHa cpe^a. TeKTOHHHHHTe 3eMeTpeceHHa Bi>3HHKBaT BCJie^CTBHe Ha
flHHaMHHHH IipOneCH B 3eMHaTa KOpa, KOHTO npeflH3BHKBaT ejiaCTHHHH
h njiacTHHHH ^e(j)opMau;HH b CKajiHOTO BenjecTBO. TjinHecTHiiT KOMno-
HeHT b CKajiHOTO BenjecTBO yBejinnaBa HeroBara njiacTHHHOCT h HaMa-
juraa Bi)3MoacHOCTTa 3a o6pa3yBaHe Ha pa3ce,a (pa3MecTBaHe) b Hero,
T.e. HaMajiaBa BepoaTHOcrra 3a 3eMeTpeceHHe. Ilo to3h HanHH njiaHH-
HHTe H3ni>jiH)iBaT pona Ha CTaGHjiroaropH Ha 3eMjrra.) Ta3H TaxHa po-
jia CTaBa H3BecTHa e^Ba npe3 60-Te roam™ Ha XX BeK 3 .
Mo>Ke jih hmkoh no BpeMeTO Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ ^a 3Hae hc-
THHCKaTa (jiopisia Ha njiaHHHHTe? Moace jih hjikoh j\& ch npe^CTaBH, ne
rojiaMara njiaHHHa, kohto BiDK^a npe^ ce6e ch, bcmiihoct ce pa3iiiH-
pjIBa fltJlGOKO B 3eM3Ta H HMa KOpeH, KaKTO
TBtp^HT yneHHTe? KoraTO ce oGcbac^a
BinpocbT 3a njiaHHHHTe, b ronaM 6poii khh-
rn no reojiorna ce onncBa caisio OHa3H nacT,
kohto e Hafl noBtpxHOCira Ha 3eMjrra. ToBa
e TaKa, 3amoTO Te3H khhi-h He ca HaimcaHH
ot cnennajracTH no reojioraa. CiBpeMeHHara reojioraa oGane noTBtp-
>K^aBa HCTHHHOCTTa Ha KOpaHHHHHTe 3HaMeHH)I.
1 El-Naggar. The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran, c. 5.
2 riaKTaM, 44-45.
3 riaK TaM, c. 5.
17
B. CBEHfEHHXT KOPAH 3A HP0H3X0RA HA BCEJIEHATA
Cnopen, Teoprorra 3a ropemaTa BceneHa (Ta3H Teopna onncBa cbb-
peMeHHHTe Bi>3rjie,nH 3a pa3BHTHeTO Ha BceneHaTa) c rbneMna B3pHB e
3anoHHajio pa3uiHpeHHeTO Ha BceneHaTa ot enHO mhoto KOMnaicrHO h
MHoro njitTHO ctCToaHHe Ha MarepnaTa c H3KjnoHHTejiHO BHCOica TeM-
nepaTypa. Hpe3 HaGjiioneHHa h TeopeTHHHH MeToan CBBpeMeHHara Ha-
yica 3a H3yHaBaHeTO Ha BceneHaTa (kocmojiozuh) acHO nocoHBa, ne na-
jiara BceneHa Haicora e 6njia ,^HMHa" Marepna (Henpo3paHHa, mhoto
njitTHa h ropenja ra30BO-npaxoBa CMec) 1 . yneHHre nHec MoraT na Ha6-
jnonaBar hobh 3Be3^H, o6pa3yBamH ce ot TaicbB „ahm" (b>k. (J'nr. 10 h
11). CBeTenjHTe 3Be3^H, kohto Ha6jiio,aaBaMe npe3 HonjTa, KaKTO h na-
jiaTa BceneHa ca o6pa3yBaHH ot to3h „ahm". Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBenjeHHa
KopaH:
„TIocjie ce nacouu kt>m [cbmeopaeaHemo naj He6emo, a mo 6e
duM...".
(KopaH, 41: 11)
Ti>H icaro 3eMaTa h HeGecara (CjrbHneTO, JlyHaTa, 3Be3^HTe, njiaHe-
THTe, rajiaicrHKHTe h t.h.) ca CB3,aa,aeHH ot equina ,^hm", 3aKjiK)HaBa-
Me, ne 3eMaTa h He6ecaTa ntpBOHaHajmo HMaT 06m ci>CTbB. no-KtcHO
Te ce (j)opMHpaT h pa3.ne.iiaT ennn ot npyrn. Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBememia
KopaH:
„He eiiMcdam jiu Heeepnui^ume, ne ne6ecama u 3eMHma 6axa cb-
eduneHU, a Hue zu pa3dejiuxjne?... "
(KopaH, 21: 30)
,2,-p Ajujjpefl KpoHep e CBeTOBHOH3BecTeH yneH. Ton e npo<J)ecop
no reonorna h p-bKOBonnren Ha KarenpaTa no reonorna item HHCTnry-
Ta no reoHayKH, b yHHBepcHTeTa „HoxaHec TyTeHGepr" b Mainm, Tep-
MaHHa. Ton Ka3Ba: „KaTO pa3Ci>>KnaBaM OTKtne nporoxoacna MyxaM-
Men, H, a3 MHCJia, ne e noHTH HeBi>3M03KHO toh na HMa npencTaBa 3a
Henja KaTO oGnjna nporoxon. Ha BceneHaTa, Tbii KaTO enBa npe3 noc-
1 Weinberg. The First Three Minutes, a Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, 94-105.
18
<Pnr. 10. HoBa 3Be3fla, o6pa3y-
Bau|a ce b Me>Kfly3Be3fleH oonaK ot
ra3 m npax (MtmaBMHa), komto ca
OCTaHKM OT „flMMa", komto e ntpBO-
m3T04hhki>t Ha i\nnsTa BceneHa.
<Pnr. 11. MtrnaBMHaTa JlaryHa e ra30BO-npaxoBa MtrnaBMHa c fluaivieTtp okoho 60
CBeTnuHHM roflMHM. Tn e Bt36yfleHa OTynTpaBnoneTOBaTa papyiauym Ha ropeii(M 3Be3flM,
HacKopo o6pa3yBann ce b Hen.
19
Jie^HHTe HHKOJIKO rOflHHH yHeHHTe OTKpHBaT C MHOrO CJIO>KHH H pa3BH-
th TexHOJiorHHecKH MeTOflH Te3H (})aKTH". H flontjiBa: „H>ikoh, kohto
He 3Hae hhhjo 3a ^mpeHara (j)H3HKa npe^H noBene ot xHjuma h neTH-
PHCTOTHH rOflHHH, He e B CbCTCtflHHe ji,a OTKpne CbC CBOJI co6cTBeH yM,
ne HanpHMep 3eM)rra h He6ecaTa HMaT e^HH h ci>m npoH3xo,zi".
L CBEIIfEHHJIT KOPAH 3A DIABHHH M03T>K
B CBemeHHa KopaH Ajinax Ka3Ba 3a e^HH ot 3jioctophhtc HeBep-
hhhh, kohto e 3a6paHHji Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ p,& ce mojih b Ka-
a6a:
„Aiia ne! Ako ne npecmane, me zo noeneneM 3a nepueMa fen-na-
cuhJ- nepneMa jit>3kjiu6, zpeiuen ".
(KopaH, 96: 15-16)
3amo CBenjeHHaT KopaH onncBa npeflHara nacT Ha raaBaTa (nepne-
Ma) KaTO jitacnHBOCT h rpexoBHOCT? 3amo CBememraT KopaH He ica3-
Ba, ne HOBeKiT e jitacnHB h rpeineH? KaKBa e Bpi>3KaTa Mempy npe^Ha-
Ta nacT Ha raaBara h ji"b>KjiHBOCTTa h rpexoBHOCira?
Ako pa3rneflaMe nepena b npeflHara nacT Ha raaBaTa, me OTKpneM,
ne TaM e pa3nojio>KeHa npeflHara 30Ha Ha M03i>Ka (b>k. (Jmr. 12). KaKBO
Ka3Ba (J)H3HOJiorHaTa 3a (JtyHKiiHaTa Ha Ta3H 30Ha? B KHHrara Ocnoeu
Ha aHamoMimma u <pu3uojio2uxma 3a Ta3H 30Ha ce Ka3Ba: „IIo,n6y,zprre
h cnocoGHOCira 3a njiaHHpaHe h HHHHHHpaHe Ha ^BHaceHHara bi>3hhk-
BaT b npe^HaTa nacT Ha (J'poHrajiHHTe AajioBe Ha M03i>Ka, THap. nped-
(ppoHmcviHa 30Ha. ToBa e oGjiacira Ha M03wm?aa Kopa, OTroBapanja 3a
acoHHauHHre..." 1 . H ome: „3a HeHHara pojia b MOTHBaHHjrra npe^-
(j)poHTajiHaTa 30Ha ce npneivia KaTO (J'yHKHHOHajieH ueHTbp Ha arpe-
CHBHOCTTa ..." 2 .
TaKa Ta3H 30Ha Ha maBHHa M03MC OTroBapa 3a njiaHnpaHeTO, no^-
6y>KflaHeTO, (J'opMHpaHeTO Ha flo6po hjih jiouio noBefleHne h 3a tobo-
peHeTO Ha jitacn hjih hcthhh. Eto 3amo e nozjxoaamo H yMecTHO ^a ce
onnine npe^HaTa nacT Ha raaBaTa Karo jitacuHBa h rpeniHa, KoraTO Ha-
1 Seeley and others. Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, c. 211 . Bjk. ct^o System, Noback and oth-
ers, The Human Nervous, 410-411.
2 Seeley and others. L(HT.cbM., c. 211.
20
Primary motor
cortex
Premotor
area
Somesthetic
association
area
Motor speech area
(Broca's area)
Sensory speech area
{Wernicke's area)
Auditory
association area
<Pnr. 12. OyHKL(M0HanHM 30hm Ha nnBOTO nonyKtn6o Ha M03t4HaTa Kopa Ha maBHua
mo31>k. ripeflf^poHTanHaTa 30Ha ce HaMMpa b npeflHaTa 4acT Ha M03tMHaTa Kopa Ha
maBHMfl M03bK.
koh ji"b5Ke hjih H3BT>pmBa rpax, hjih, KaKTO ro oiracBa CBemeffiMT Ko-
paH: „...nepueMa [naciia] jfbJKJiue, zpeiuen".
Cnopefl npotj). Myp e^Ba npe3 nocjie^HHTe ineiiceT roflHHH yneHH-
Te onncBaT Te3H (JjymcHHH Ha npe^poHTajiHara 30Ha Ha MostKa 1 .
ff. CBEUfEHHXT KOPAH 3A MOPETATA H PEKHTE
CtBpeMeHHaTa Hayica OTKpnBa, ne TaM, kb^to BO^HTe Ha ^Be pa3-
jihhhh MopeTa ce cpemar, Meac^y Tax Bi>3HHKBa 6apnepa. Ta3H Gapne-
pa rn pa3flejia Tana, ne Bcaxa ot Tax ma cbchi co6cTBeHa TeMnepary-
pa, coneHOCT h njitTHOCT 2 . HanpHMep Bo^aTa Ha Cpe^roeMHO Mope e
Tonjia, coneHa h no-MajiKO njitTHa b cpaBHeHHe c Ta3H b ArjiaHTHHec-
KHa OKeaH. KoraTO BOflara ot Cpe^roeMHO Mope ce BjiHBa b ATjiaH-
THHecKHa OKeaH npe3 TnGpajiTapcKHa npoTOK, Ta ce ^bh>kh b pa3CToa-
HHe Ha HilKOJIKO CTOTHHH KHJIOMeTpa HaBtTpe B ATJiaHTHHeCKHJI OKeaH,
Ha fl"bJi6oHHHa okojio 1000 MeTpa etc CBOjrra xapaicrepHa TeMnepary-
pa, coneHOCT h no-MajiKa hji-bthoct. Boaara Ha Cpe^roeMHO Mope ce
1 Moore and others. Al-E'jaz al-Elmy fee al-Naseyah (The Scientific Miracles in the Front of the Head) ,
c. 41.
2 Davis. Principles of Oceanography, 92-93.
21
CTa6HjiH3Hpa Ha Ta3H ^-bjiGoHHHa 1 (Bac. (J'Hr. 13).
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
200
400
•5 800
q 1000
1200
1400
-c
Our. 13. BoflaTa ot CpeflM3eMHO Mope ce BnuBa b ATJiaHTkwecKkia OKeaH npe3 Tm6-
parrrapcKwa npoTOK etc cboh xapaKTepHa TeMnepaTypa, coneHOCT m njTbTHOCT, 3apaflM
pa3flenaii(aTa m 6apnepa. TeivinepaTypaTa e b rpaflycn no L4eri3MM (C°).
BinpeKH HajiHHHeTO Ha bmhh, chjihh TeneHHa h npnnHBH b ^BeTe
MopeTa, BOflHTe hm He npeMHHaBaT npe3 Gapnepara.
B CBemeHHa KopaH ce cnoisieHaBa, ne HMa 6apnepa Meac^y ^Be mo-
peTa, kohto ce cpemar, h Te He a HapymaBaT:
„TIycHa Toil deeme Mopema da ce cpemnam, ho Mewcdy max UMa
npezpada, Koamo ne npecnn>neam".
(KopaH, 55: 19-20)
Ho Koraro b CBenjeHHa KopaH ce roBopn 3a pa3,nejieHHeTO Me>K^y
cjia^KaTa h coneHaTa Bo^a, ce cnoMeHaBa 3a HajiHHHeTO Ha „Bi>36paHe-
Ha nperpafla". Ajuiax Ka3Ba b CBemeHHa KopaH:
„Tou e, Koiimo pa3nono3KU e ebcedemeo deeme Mopema, ednomo
- aiadKO, ymojimamo Mcawcdama, a dpyzomo - coneno, zopnueo. H
cmopu Mejicdy max zpanima u ewdpaHena npezpada".
(KopaH, 25: 53)
HaKoii Moace ^a nonHTa 3amo CBemeHHHT KopaH cnoMeHaBa 3a
nperpa^a, icaro roBopn 3a rpaHHua Me2K,ziy cjiaflKara h coneHaTa BO^a,
ho He a cnoMeHaBa, KoraTO roBopn 3a rpaHHH,ara Me^K,^ ^BeTe Mope-
Ta?
CiBpeivieHHaTa HayKa OTKpHBa, ne b roneMHTe ycraa Ha peKHTe, ki>-
p,eTO cjia^KaTa h coneHaTa Bona ce cpemar, CHiyaiiHaTa e ^ocTa no-
1 Davis. Principles of Oceanography, c. 93.
22
pa3JiHHHa ot OHOBa, KoeTO e otkphto 3a MecTaTa, K-b^eTO ce cpemaT bo-
jj,wre Ha ^Be MopeTa. 3Hae ce, ne OHOBa, kocto pa3rpaHnqaBa cjiaflKara
ot cojieHaTa BOfla b roneMHTe ycTHa Ha peiarre, e Tana HapeneHara
mepMOKJlUHHd 30H0 1 . (06HKHOBCHO nO-COJieHHTe H nO-njI'bTHH MOpCKH
BOflH ca pa3nono>KeHH no/i no-npecHHTe bo^h. ToBa e CBi>p3aHO c noc-
THraHe Ha paBHOBecHO CBCToaHHe Meac^y ^Bara cjioji. Pa3npeflejieHH-
eTO Ha njiiiTHOCTTa Ha MopcxaTa Bcma 3aBHCH ot pa3npeflejieHHeTO Ha
TeMneparypara h cojieHOCira. TonnaTa MopcKa BO,aa e c no-MajiKa
njitTHOCT h ce pa3nojiara b no-ropHHre cnoeBe Ha MopeTO. B Ta3H
o6jiacT, HapeneHa cesomH mepMOKJiun, ce Ha6jiK)flaBa yBejiiraeHHe Ha
nji-bTHOCira etc ckok (pa3Ko) 2 b fl-bjiGoHHHa, Kaicro h 6i>p3onpoMeH}ima
ce coneHOCT Ha Boaara. Boaara b Ta3H 30Ha Ha pa3flejieHHe (nperpafla)
HMa coneHOCT, pa3JiHHHa ot Ta3H Ha npacHara h Ha cojieHaTa Bo^a (bjk.
(J)nr. 14). B cjie^BamaTa o6jiacT, HapeneHa znaeen mepMOKJiun, njitT-
HociTa njiaBHO HapacTBa b fl-bjiGoHHHa.) Ta3H nperpa^a (30Ha Ha pa3-
^ejieHHe) e etc coneHOCT, pa3JiHHHa ot Ta3H Ha npacHara Bo^a h ot co-
jieHaTa Bo^a (xopH30HaTajiHOTO H3MeHeHHe Ha cojieHOCira 3aBHCH ot
MOpCKHTe TeHeHHfl).
Estuary
1
The Partition
, Zone of Separation »
^^^^^_ Salt water
Fresh water _
(River) ^"""—*-»
= ®%UD id
Vertical
y mixed
<Pnr. 14. Haflnt>KeH pa3pe3, noKa3Baii( coneHocira (b npoMkinn %o) npn ycTnaia Ha
roneMM peKM. TyK MoweM fla bmamm 30hm Ha pa3AeneHne Mewfly cnaflKaTa m coneHaTa
BOfla.
Ta3H HH(j)opMaLiHa e OTKpnTa e^Ba HacKopo npe3 Mo^epHH ype^H 3a
H3MepBaHe Ha TeMneparypara, cojieHOCira, njitTHOCTra Ha Bo/iara,
pa3TBOpHMOCTTa Ha KHCJIOpOfla B HeH H T.H. HOBeiHKOTO OKO He MO>Ke
fla yjiOBH pa3JiHKa Me>Kfly ^Be MopeTa, kohto ce cpemar, h no-CKopo h
flBeTe hh H3rjieacflaT KaTO e^HO eflHopoflHO Mope. HoBeniKOTO oko He
Gross. Oceanography, c. 242. Bjk. cbi^o Thurman. Introductory Oceanography, 300-301 .
2 Gross. Oceanography, c. 244, h Thurman. Introductory Oceanography, 300-301.
23
MO>Ke j\a yjiOBH cbmo Taica pa3flejieHHeTO Ha Bcmara npn ycTHjrra Ha
roneMH peKH h j\a pa3rpaHHHH cjiaflKara Bo^a, coneHaTa Bo^a h nper-
pa^aTa (30Ha Ha pa3flejieHHe).
E. CBEUfEHHXT KOPAH 3A flZJIEOKHTE MOPETA
H BT> TPEUIHHTE WbJIHR
Anjiax Ka3Ba b CBememra KopaH:
„Hjiu [dejiama um caj Kamo mbMHimu e MopcKa 6e3dna. TIoKpu-
eam a erbJinu ednu Had dpyzu, a Had max - odnau^u. Tt>mhuhu edna
ei>pxy dpyza. H3eadu jiu hhkou pwa, edeaM me a eudu... ".
(KopaH, 24: 40)
ToBa 3HaMeHHe cnoisieHaBa 3a rbMHHHara Ha roneMH ^mGohhhh b
MopeTara h OKeaHHTe, Kt^eTO ano hobck npoTerHe pwcara ch, He mo-
»ce j\a a bh^h. TiiMHHHa b MopeTaTa h OKeaHHTe ce HaGjno^aBa Ha oko-
jio 200 h noBene MeTpa fl"bji6oHHHa. Ha Ta3H ^-bjiGoHHHa noHTH roma
CBeTjiHHa (b3k. (J)nr. 15). Ha fl"bji6oHHHa Ha,n 1000 MeTpa Bi>o6me roiMa
CBeTjiHHa 1 . HoBeKiT 6e3 noMomTa Ha noflBOflHHiia hjih cneHHajma eKH-
nnpoBKa e cnoco6eH j\& ce rivrypHe Ha He noBene ot 40 MeTpa. HoBein-
Onr. 15. Mew-
fly 3 ki 30 nponeHTa
ot CBemMHaTa ce
OTpa3HBa ot noBtp-
XHOcira Ha MopeTO.
I104TM BCM4KMTe Ce-
fleM L(BflTa Ha CBeT-
nnHHua cneKTbp ce
norjTbii(aT cuhho
eflMH cnefl flpyr b
nbpBUTe 200 MeTpa
c M3KnHD4eHne Ha
CMHMn L(BflT.
1 Elder and Pernetta. Oceans, c. 27.
24
kh cbmecTBa He MoraT jj,a ouejieaT 6e3 qy>Kfla noMonj b ^tjiGoKara
TtMHa nacT Ha OKeaHa, icaKTO h Ha fli>ji6oHHHa ot 200 Meipa.
YneHHTe HeoT^aBHa OTKpnBaT Ta3H TtMHHHa c noMoniTa Ha cneuH-
ajiHa eKHnnpoBKa h houbquhhhh, kohto hm no3BOJi)iBaT j\a ce raypHar
B flljJl6HHHTe Ha OKeaHHTC
Ot cjie^Hara mhcbji b 3HaMeHHeTO „...b MopcKa 6e3flHa. IIokph-
BaT H BfeJIHH eflHH Hafl flpjTH, a Ha/I THX — oSjiaUH..." MO>KeM CtHJO
A,a pa36epeM, ne fli>ji6HHHTe Ha MopeTaTa h OKeaHHTe ca noicpHTH ot
bmhh h Hafl Tax HMa flpyrn bijJihh. .Hcho e, ne BTopnTe bmhh ca bm-
HHTe Ha BOflHaTa nOBtpXHOCT, KOHTO BH^K^aMe, 3aiIIOTO 3HaMCHHeTO
cnoisieHaBa, ne Ha,a BTopnTe bmhh HMa o6jiaHH. Ho KaKBO ,aa icaaceM 3a
ntpBHTe bmhh? yneHHTe HacKopo OTKpnBaT, ne HMa Bi>TpeinHorpaBH-
TauHOHHH bmhh, KoeTO „ce fltjiacH Ha B3aHMQzieHCTBHe Me>K^y cjioe-
Be BOfla c pa3JiHHHa njitTHOCT" 1 (b^k. (Jmr. 16). Bi>TpeiiiHorpaBHTaHH-
OHHHTe BMHH „nOKpHBaT ' flMGHHHTe Ha MOpeTa H OKeaHH, 3aHJOTO
Surface waves
Less dense
water
Perspective
<Pnr. 16. BtTpeiuHorpaBMTaLiMOHHMTe BtnHM npn B3anMOfleMCTBne Me>K,qy flBa
cnoa BOfla c pa3nn4Ha nnbTHOCT. ntpBH^T (flonmiflT) e c no-ronaMa nntTHOCT, bto-
pv\m (ropHunT) e c no-ManKa nnvrHOCT.
1 Gross. Oceanography, c. 205.
25
BOflHTe B flTjJlGHHHTe HMaT nO-BHCOKa njItTHOCT OT BOflHTe Hafl Tax. Te-
3h Bi>jiHH ^eHCTBaT KaTO BijjiHHTe Ha noBtpxHOCTTa. Te cbmo Morar j\a
ce pa36HBaT KaTO Te3H Ha noBtpxHOCTTa. BtTpeinHorpaBHTaiiHOHHHTe
bi>jihh He Morar j\a 6i>flaT BH^eHH c HOBeiinco oko, ho MoraT j\a 6i>flaT
OTKpHTH npe3 H3CJie,ziBaHe Ha H3MeHeHH>rra Ha TeMnepaTypaTa h cone-
Hocira Ha Boziara b fla^eH pafioH.
M. CBEIIfEHHXT KOPAH 3 A OEJIAIJHTE
yneHHTe, kohto H3yHaBaT BH^OBeTe oGjiauH, ycTaHOBaBar, ne fltac-
AOBHHTe oGjiauH ca o6pa3yBaHH h otJiopMeHH cnope^ tohho onpeflejie-
hh CHCTeMH h H3BecTHH eTanH, CBi>p3aHH c noflxoflHHjH BH^OBe o6jia-
u;h h BeTpoBe. E^hh ot BH^OBeTe ^-b^K^OBHH oGjiauH e Ki>ji6ecTO-fl'b>K-
^obhhht o6naK. MeTeopojio3HTe H3ynaBaT KaK ce o6pa3yBa Kbji6ecTO-
At»c^OBHH)iT oGjiaK h KaK ot Hero ce nojiynaBa fltac^, rpa^yniKa hjih
MMHHH.
Te OTKpHBar, ne KtjiGecTO-fl'bac^oBHHaT o6jiaK MHHaBa npe3 cjie^-
HHTe eTann, npe^H ,aa ce o6pa3yBa Atac^:
1. ,0,BH5iceHHe Ha oSjiauHTe. Ki>ji6ecTO-At>5KflOBHHTe oGjiauH 3a-
noHBaT p,a ce o6pa3yBaT, Koraro no^ fleiicTBHe Ha BaTbpa MajiKH
Ki>ji6ecTH o6jiaHH (KyMyjiHc) ^ocTHrar p,o 30Ha, b kohto Te3H oGjiauH
ce CbGnpaT (b)k. (J'Hr. 17 h 18).
Our. 17. CaTennT-
Ha CHMMKa, noKa3Ba-
ii(a o6naL(M, komto ce
flBMNOT KbM c6opHMTe
30HM B, C m D. dpen-
KMTe noKa3BaT noco-
KMTe Ha BflTtpa.
VELOCITY OF LOW CLOUDS
1948-2152Z. SEPT 1 7. IW7
Gross. Oceanography, c. 205.
26
Our. 18. ManKM Ktn6ecTM o6nau,n (KyMynnc), flBM)KeLL(M ce KtM c6opHa
30Ha 6nn30 flo xopn30HTa, KtfleTO Mowe fla ce BMflM ronflM Ktno'ecTO-flbWflo-
BeH o6naK.
2. CbeflHHHBaHe. MajiKHTe o6jiau;H ce cbe^HHaBaT h o6pa3yBaT no-
rojiaM oGjiaK 1 (b^k. (J'ur. 18 h 19).
(A) Isolated cumulus stage
fcfcM
<Pnr. 19. (A) OTflenHM ManKM ob"nau,i<i (icbJi6ec™ o6nau,w). (B) KoraTO ManKMTe o6na-
L(M ce ct6epaT 3aeflHO, BepTMKanHMTe Bb3flyiuHM TeneHna b no-roneMna o6naK HapacT-
BaT, nopaflM KoeTO oonaKvr ce M3fltn>KaBa Harope. BoflHMTe KanKM ca OT6ena3aHM c •.
1 Anthes and others. The Atmosphere, 268-269, Miller and Thompson. Elements of Meteorology, c. 141.
27
3. HaTpynBaHe. KoraTO MajiKHTe o6jiauH ce ctGepar 3aeflHO, Bep-
THKajiHHTe BKB/iyiiiHH TeHemra b no-roneMHH o6jiaK HapacTBar. Tene-
HHMTa 6jih3ko ji,o uenrbpa Ha o6jiaKa ca no-CHjiHH, otkojikoto Te3H b
KpanmaTa 1 . Te3H TeneHHa npeflH3BHKBaT BepTHKajiHO HapacTBaHe Ha
Macara Ha o6jiaKa h o6jiaKBT ce H3flBji»caBa Harope (b^k. r\mr. 19 (B), 20
h 21). ToBa BepTHKajrao HapacTBaHe pa3npocTHpa o6jiaKa kbm no-cry -
^eHH oGnacTH Ha amoc^epaTa, kb^to KanKHTe ot Bona h 3BpHara
rpafl ce (j)opMHpar h 3anoHBaT Bee noBene h noBene m HapacTBax Ko-
raTO BO^HHTe KanKH h 3BpHara ot rpa,a CTaHaT TBtp^e TeacKH h Bepra-
KajiHOTO TeneHHe b ropHHTe cnoeBe He Moace p,& rn yzjBpacH, Te 3anoH-
BaT fi,a na^ar ot o6jiaKa KaTO flia^, rpa/iyiiiKa h t.h. 2
Our. 20. Ktn6ecTO-flb)KflOBeH o6naK.
Cnefl KaTO oonaKvr ce \A3f\bnyKV\ Harope,
flt>Kfli>T 3ano4Ba fla Bann ot Hero.
BceBHuiHHHT Ajijiax Ka3Ba b CBememra KopaH:
„He eudKdaiu jiu, neAmiax nodKapea o6jiau,ume, noc/ie zu cbedu-
Hnea, nociie zu cmopea na Kyrmuna u euwcdaw kcik dT>JKd~bm U3jiii3a
om max...".
(KopaH, 24: 43)
EflBa Hacicopo MeTeopojio3HTe OTKpHBar Te3H no,zj,po6HOCTH othoc-
ho o6pa3yBaHeTO, CTpyKTypaTa h (JjyHKipurra Ha o6jiaKa, KaTO H3noji3-
1 TeqeHHnTa 6nH30 ao ijeHTtpa ca no-cmiHW, 3amoTO Te ca 3amHTeHM ot CTyAeHH edpen™ Mpe3
BbHiuHaTa MacT Ha o6naKa.
2 B*. Anthes and others. The Atmosphere, c. 269, Miller and Thompson. Elements of Meteorology,
141-142.
28
Our. 21. Ktn6ecT0-flb)Kfl0BeH o6naK.
BaT ycbBtpuieHCTBaHa TexHinca: caMOJieTH, caTejiHTH, komihotph, 6a-
jiohh h flpyrn, 3a j\a rocjieflBar BaTbpa h HeroBaTa nocoica, j\a H3Mepjrr
Bjia5KHOCira h HenHOTO H3MeHeHHe h ,aa onpe^ejiaT HHBara h H3MeHe-
HHaTa Ha aTMOciJiepHOTO HanaraHe 1 .
Cjiefl KaTO cnoMeHaBa oGjiaujrre h jxb-xma, iijrrapaHOTO 3HaMeHHe
roBopn 3a rpaflyniKaTa h CBeTKaBHiijrre:
„...H cnycKa om njianuHii e nedemo zpadyuiKa, u nopa3iiea Toil c
nea Kozomo nodtcejiae, u a ornKJionaea om Kozomo nowcejiae. H 6jih-
cbKbm na Heunama mt>jihuh edea ne omneMa 3peHuemo".
(KopaH, 24: 43)
MeTeopojio3HTe OTKpHBar, ne Te3H Ki>ji6ecT0-At>»c^0BHH oGjiaun, ot
kohto BajiH rpa^yniKa, .nocTHrar BHCOHHHa ot okojio 7620 MeTpa p,o
okojio 9144 MeTpa (ot 4,7 ^o 5,7 mhjih) 2 , no^oGHH Ha njiaHHHH, KaKTO
CBenjeHHaT KopaH Ka3Ba: „...H cnycKa om njianunu e ne6emo zpa-
dyuiKa... " (b>k. (})Hr. 21 no-rope).
Makky and others. Ee'jaz al-Quran al-Kareem fee Wasf Anwa' al-Riyah, al-Sohob, al-Matar, c. 55.
' Miller and Thompson. Elements of Meteorology, 141-142.
29
ToBa 3HaMeHHe MO>Ke p,a HaBe^e ki>m cjieflmra BMipoc: 3amo b 3Ha-
MeHHeTO ce Ka3Ba: „...HeiiHama mtjUhuh..." npn cnoMeHaBaHeTO Ha
rpaflyuiKaTa? 3HanH jih TOBa, ne rpaAyniKara e ci>mecTBeH (J'aKTop npn
o6pa3yBaHeTO Ha mmhhh? Heica bh^hm KaKBO nnme b KHHraTa
C'bepeMeHamaMemeopojioziifi. TaM neTeM, ne o6jiau;HTe ce HaeneicrpH-
3Hpar, KoraTO rpa^ npeMHHaBa npe3 30Ha b oGjiaica ot npeoxjia^eHH
BOflHH KanHHiiH h jie^eHH KpHCTajineTa. Koraro BQzjHHTe icanHHHH ce
c6ji"bCKBaT c napneTa rpa^, Te 3aMpi>3BaT npn KOHTaKTa h OT^enaT jia-
TeHTHa eHeprna. ToBa 3ana3Ba noBtpxHOCira Ha napneTara rpa,a no-
Tonjia ot 3ao6HKajiamHTe rn jie^eHH KpncTajneTa. IU,om napneTaTa
rpafl Bjunar b KOHraKT c jie^eHHTe KpHCTajineTa, ce cjiynBa Ba^KeH dpe-
HOMeH: ejieKTpoHHTe npoTHnar ot no-
CTyfleHHa ki>m no-Tonjina oGeicr. Ot
TOBa cjie^Ba, ne napneTara rpa,a js,o6m-
BaT OTpHuaTeneH 3apa,a. CtmnaT
efjieicr ce nojiynaBa, KoraTO npeoxjia-
^eHHTe BOflHH KanHHHH BJIH3aT B KOH-
TaKT c napneTara rpa^, npn KoeTO ce
OTHynBar MajiKH nojio>KHTejiHO 3ape-
p,emi napneHua jie^. Te3H no-neKH,
nojioacHTejiHO 3ape^eHH napneHua ce
noHacaT ot BepTmcajiHOTO TeneHne
k-bm ropHaTa nacT Ha o6jiaKa. napneH-
iiara rpafl, ocTaHajin c OTpnuaTejieH
3apa^, na^aT k-bm .nojraara nacT Ha 06-
jiaKa, npn KoeTO no-flOJiHara nacT Ha
o6jiaKa CTaBa OTpHuaTejrao 3ape^eHa.
To3H OTpniiaTejieH 3apa^ ce ocboGtok-
flaBa npn npoTHnaHeTO Ha ncicpoB pa3pa,a (mmhhm), ci>npoBOfleH c oc-
jienHTejieH Gjijicbk (cBeTKaBHua) h xapaicrepeH rpi>M (rp-bMOTeBHua) 1 .
Cjie^OBaTejiHO craraMe fi,o 3aKjiK)HeHHeTO, ne rpa^yniKaTa e ct>-
HjecTBeH 4>aKTop npn o6pa3yBaHeTO Ha mi>jihhh.
Ta3H HHfJjOpMaLlHH 3a MMHHHTe e OTKpHTa HaCKOpO. J\0 1600 T. fl,0-
MHHnpaT H^eHTe Ha ApncTOTen, kohto Ka3Ba, ne aTM0C(j)epaTa cbfltp-
1 Ahrens. Meteorology Today, c. 437.
30
>Ka jspa BH^a Mtrjin - Bjia>KHH n cyxn, n ne rp-bMOTeBnnaTa e 3ByKi>T ot
c6ji"bCbKa Me^K^y cyxaTa Mtraa n cbce^HHTe oGjiann, a CBeTKaBnnaTa
npeflCTaBjiaBa njiaMBaHe n ropeHe Ha cyxaTa Mtraa c tt>hi>k n cjia6
ortH 1 . ToBa ca hjikoh ot Hflenre Ha MeTeopojiornaTa, kohto ^omhhh-
paT npe3 BpeMeTO Ha HH3nocjiaBaHeTO Ha CBemeHna KopaH, npe^H xn-
JIH^a H HeTHpHCTOTHH TOflKHH.
3. KOMEHTAPHHA YHEHR OTHOCHO
UAYHHRTE HY/JECA B CBEUfEHHM KOPAH
CneflBar hmkoh KOMenrapn Ha ynemi 3a HayHHnre nyneca b CBenje-
mra KopaH. Bchhkh Te3H KOMeHTapn ca B3eTH ot BH^eoKaceTa, 03arjia-
BeHa Toea e Mcmunama. Ha Hea ce Bnac^aT h qyBar yneHHTe, flOKaro
H3Ka3BaT CBOHTe KOMeHTapH.
1. fl,-p Ilepcofl e npo(|)ecop no aHaTOMHH, neflnarpna h ^ctcko 3^pa-
Be, aKymepcTBO, rnHeKOJiorna h penponyKTHBHn HayKH b YHHBepcHTe-
Ta Ha MaHHTo6a, ynHnner, MaHHTo6a, Kanaka, Kb^eTO b npofl"bJi>Ke-
Hne Ha 16 roflHHH e 3aBOK,iiam Kare/ipaTa no aHaTOMHH. Ton e floGpe
no3HaT b CBoaTa o6jiacT Abtop e hjih peflaicrop Ha 22 yne6HHKa n ny6-
jiHKyBa Ha^ 181 HayHHH CTaTnn. Ilpe3 1991 r. nonynaBa Han-npec-
TnacHaTa Harpa^a b o6jiacTTa Ha aHaTOMHHTa b Kanaka - rbjiaMara
Harpa^a Ha KaHaflCKara aconnanna Ha aHaroMHTe. Koraro ro nnTaT 3a
HayHHnre qyzjeca b CBenjeHna KopaH, kohto H3CJie,HBa, toh 3aaB3Ba
cjie^HOTo:
„Benie mh oGacHeHO, ne MyxaMMefl H e 6hji cbbccm o6hkhobch
hobck. He e 3Haeji ^a neTe, He e MO^Keji j\& nnnie. Bcmiihoct e 6hji He-
rpaMOTeH. CTaBa ^ynia 3a BpeMeTO npe^n xnjuma n hcthphctothh ro-
flHHH, Koraro e^HH HerpaMOTeH npaBn 3afl"bJi6oHeHn H3flBjieHna n
TBtp^eHna, kohto ca yziHBHrejiHO tohhh 3a npnpoflHHTe HayKH. A3
jihhho He Mora p& npneMa, ne TOBa e hhct KtCMeT HMa npeKaneHO
MHOrO TOHHOCTH H KaKTO 3a fl-p Myp, H 3a MeH HHMa npeHKH fl,S CM3-
TaM, ne TOBa e Bo>KHe B^txHOBeHne hjih OTKpoBeHne, KoeTO ro e ^OBe-
JIO fl,0 Te3H TBtpfleHHa".
1 Ross and others. The Works of Aristotle Translated into English: Meteorologica. T. 3, 369a-369b.
31
Ilpcx}). Ilepccm BKjiiOHBa HaKOJiKO 3HaMeHHH ot CBemeHna KopaH H
H3Ka3BaHHa Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ HI b hhkoh ot CBOHTe KHHrn. Toh
npe^CTaBa cbmo Tana Te3H 3HaMeHHa ot CBenjeHHa KopaH h H3ica3Ba-
hhh Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H Ha hhkojiko KOH(J)epeHnHH.
2. ,2,-p flaco JIhh CnMncbH e 3aBe3K,ziam Kareflpara no aKymepcTBO
h rHHeicojiorHii, npoijiecop no aKymepcTBO h rHHeKOJiorna h no MOJie-
KyjiapHa h HOBeimca reHeTHKa b Koneaca no MeflHUHHa „EaHjiop", Xioc-
tbh, TeKcac, CALL!,, npe^n TOBa toh e npo<|)ecop no aKymepcTBO n rn-
HeKOJiorHa h 3aBe>K^am Kareflpara no aKymepcTBO n rnHeKOJiorHa b
YHHBepcHTeTa b TeHecn, MeM(})HC, CALL!,. npe3H^eHT e cmiio na Aisie-
pHKaHCKOTO flpyacecTBO no CTepnjinTeT Harpa>K^aBaH e MHoroKparao,
BKjiiOHHTejiHO h c Harpa^ara 3a o6mecTBeHO npn3HaHne Ha npotjieco-
pnre no aKymepcTBO n rnHeKOJiorna npe3 1992 r. Ilpo(J). CnMncbH
H3ynaBa cne^HHTe p,Ba xa^nca ot npareHHica MyxaMMeA HI:
„ C-bmeopHecmemo na eceuu om eac ce oc-bii^ecmeHea e ympodama
na MaiiKa My 3a nemupuucem dmi. Tlocne e cvcupeK 3a cbUfo monKoea
epeme. Tlocne e Kbc .ueco cvu{o monKoea... " l
„Ako 3apoduun>m nae-bpuiu nemupuucem u dea dmi, AnnaxMy mn-
paiqa amen, Koumo zo cxpop.MH u cbmeopnea nezoeuH cnyx, 3pemie, ko-
otca, nm>m u kocwiu... " 1
Toh npoyHBa oGctohho Te3H ^Ba xa^nca Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H,
KaTO OT6ejia3Ba, ne m>pBHTe HeTnpnnceT ^hh npeflCTaBjiaBar acHO pa3-
rpaHHneH eTan b pa3Bnrae Ha 3apoflHina. Toh e oco6eHO BnenarjieH ot
a6cojiK)THaTa tohhoct Ha Te3H xa^HCH. Ilo Bpeivie Ha KOHiJiepeHnHa
yneHHaT H3pa3aBa cjie^HOTO MHeHne:
„H Tana, flBaTa xa^nca, kohto nnrapaxMe, hh npeflOCTaBjrr cnenn-
(j)HHHa „nporpaMa" Ha ochobhoto eM6pHOJiorHHHO pa3Birrae npe^H
HeTHpHHceire ahh. Othobo ce noTBtp^K^aBa MHeHneTO, H3pa3eHO Be-
1 Pa3Ka3aHO b Saheeh Muslim; Saheeh Al-Bukhari #2643; Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #3208.
3a6ejie>KKa: b Ta3H KHMra c KypcHB ce u,MTHpa npeBOAfeT Ha Ka3aHOTO ot ripopoKa MyxaMMeA.
CwMBonbT #, H3non3BaH b 6ene>KKHTe noA miHHfl, noKa3Ba HOMepa Ha xaAHca. Xaduc ce HapimaT
tomho npeAaAeHH CBeAeHHfl ot cnoABH>KHHL(HTe Ha IHpopoKa MyxaMMeA f* 3a OHOBa, KoeTO toh e
Ka3Ban, npaBen h OAo6pnBan.
2 Pa3Ka3aH0 b Saheeh Muslim, #2645.
32
ne HeBeflH'bac ot flpyrn fs,OKjiafs,Hima, ne Te3H xa^ncH He Moace j\a ce oc-
HOBaBaT Ha Haynmrre 3HaHHa ot BpeMeTO Ha nncaHeTO hm. . . CneflOBa-
TejiHO, cnopefl MeH He caMO HaMa koh4)jihkt Meac,Ty reHeTHKaTa h pe-
jiHTHaTa, ho pejiHrHjrra flopn Moace j\a HacoHBa HayKaTa, KaTO flo6aBa
OTKpHTHa b hmkoh HayHHH HaHHHaHHa, Tbti KaTO b CBemeHHa KopaH
CbHieCTByBaT TBtp^eHHa, KOHTO Ca flOKa3aHH BeKOBe nO-KI>CHO, KOeTO
ot CBoa CTpaHa noTBi>p>KflaBa, ne CBenjeHHaT KopaH e 6hji H3npaTeH
ot Ajuiax".
3. J\-p Mapinan ^jkohcbh e noneTeH npo(|)ecop no aHaroMHa h eBO-
jiioHHOHHa 6HOJiorira b YHHBepcHTeTa „ToMac flace^epcbH", OHjia^eji-
(Jihh, IleHCHjiBaHHa, CAHJ. B npontiDKeHHe Ha 22 ro^KHH toh e
npoijiecop no aHaroMHa, saBe^am Kare,zipa no aHaroMHa h ^Hpeicrop
Ha HHCTHTyTa „,Z],aHHeji Box". Ilpe3nzieHT e Ha flpyacecTBO no H3yna-
BaHe Ha ypo^jraBH (j)opMH Ha >khbot h Ha H3MeHeHHH b opraHH3MHTe
(no Teparejioraa). Abtop e Ha noBene ot 200 nyGjinKannn. Ilpe3
198 lr., no Bpeivie Ha Ce^Mara Me^nnHHCKa KOH^epeHLina b flaMMaM,
Cay^HTCKa ApaGna, npo(J). flacoHCtH Ka3Ba b npe^CTaBaHeTO Ha CBoa-
Ta H3CJieflOBaTejiCKa pa6oTa:
„CjieflOBaTejiHO CBemeHHMT KopaH onncBa He caMO b-bhuihoto pa3-
BHTne, ho OT6ejiH3Ba h BtTpeinHHTe eTann, eTannre BtTpe b 3apoflnuia,
ot HeroBOTO ctTBopaBaHe h pa3BHrae, KaTO Ha6jiara Ha ochobhoto, ko-
eTO e npn3HaTO ot CBBpeMeHHara HayKa". Ci>mo Tana toh ica3Ba: „Ka-
to yneH Mora p,a ce ctrjiaca caMO c OHOBa, KoeTO HancTHHa BroK^aM.
Pa36npaM eiviGpHOJiornaTa Ha pa3BHTHeTO. Pa36npaM ,/ryMHTe,
npeBe^eHH mh ot CBenjeHHa KopaH. Kaicro Bene p,ap,ox npnisiep, ano
etc 3HaHHeTO, KoeTO HMaM flHec, MO>Kex p,a ce npeHeca b OHOBa BpeMe,
He 6hx 6hji cnoco6eH ,aa onnuia Hemara, kohto Bene ca Ghjih onnca-
hh. He BHac^aM ^OKa3aTejiCTBa, kohto 6nxa mh no3BOJinjin p,a o6opa
KOHnennnjrra, ne to3h hobck, IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ iH 5 caM e otkphji
Ta3n HHtJiopManna no HaKaKtB HanHH. Eto 3amo He HaMnpaM hhhjo
npoTHBopeHHBO b Hflejrra 3a ynacrae Ha EoaoraTa HaMeca b OHOBa,
KoeTO toh e Hanncaji".
4. fl,-p Yhjijim Xeii e H3BecTeH yneH OKeaHOJior. Ilpo^ecop e no re-
ojioaocn HayKH b YHHBepcHTeTa Ha Kojiopa.no, Eyjmep, Kojiopa^o,
CALLI,, a npe^n TOBa e Reman Ha Kojie>K no Mopcnn n amoc^epHH Ha-
33
yKH „PoceHCTHji" kbm yHHBepcHTeTa Ha MaaMH, MaaMH, Ojiopn^a,
CALL!,. Cnefl /niCKycHa c npoij). Xefi othocho cnoMeHaBaHeTO b Cbc-
memia KopaH Ha hobootkphth (j)aKTH 3a MopeTaTa toh Ka3Ba:
„3a MeH 6eme MHoro HHTepecHO j\a pa36epa, ne HH(|)opMaii;H5i no
Ta3H Teivia ce Cb^tpaca b ^peBHHTe nncaHHa Ha CBemeHHa KopaH, h
HiiMa KaK ji,a 3HaM OTKi^e ujipa t%, ho CMjrraM 3a H3KjiK)HHTejiHO hhtc-
peceH (JiaKTa, ne th ce cb^tpaca b KopaHa, kohto npofli>ji>KaBa j\a pa3-
KpHBa 3HaHeHHeTO Ha hjikoh naca>KH". H KoraTO ro nonHTajin 3a h3toh-
HHKa Ha CBemeHHa KopaH, toh OTroBopHji: „A3 CMjrraM, ne h3tohhh-
kbt cnrypHO e Ajinax".
5. ,2,-p ,Z],>Kepajifl TbopHHrep e AOueHT no eivrGpHOJiorna b KaTe^paTa
no KjieTtHHa GnojiorHa h ^Hpeicrop Ha MeflHHHHCKara niKOJia b yHH-
BepcHTeTa ,„Z],3Kop,zpKTayH", BaniHHTTOH, CAIU,. KoraTO npe^CTaBa
npoyHBaHHHTa ch Ha OcMara cayzinrcKa MeflHiijiHCKa KOH^epeHipra b
Pnafl, Cay^HTCKa ApaGna, npo<}). TbopnHrep 3aaB3Ba cjie^HOTo:
„B hhkojiko anHTa - 3HaMeHHa ot CBenjeHHa KopaH, ce cbfltpaca
flOCTa H3HepnaTejiHO onncaHne Ha HOBeniKOTO pa3BHTHe ot BpeisieTO Ha
CMecBaHeTO Ha reHHTe (onjioK^aHeTo) ^o o6pa3yBaHeTO Ha opraHHTe.
HaMa flpyr, no-paHeH, TOJiKOBa aceH h H3HepnarejieH 3annc Ha HOBeni-
koto pa3BHTHe KaTO KjiacH(})HKaLi;Hii, TepMHHOJiorHa h onncaHne. B no-
BeneTO, aico He h bi>b bchhkh cjiynan TOBa onncaHne npe^niecTBa c Be-
KOBe 3anncBaHeTO Ha pa3JinHHHTe eTann b eivrGpnoHajiHOTO pa3BHTne,
perncTpnpaHO b TpaflHHHOHHara HaynHa jiHTeparypa".
6. ,11,-p Honinxn^e Ko3an e noneTeH npocjiecop Ha Tokhhckhh yHH-
BepcHTeT, XoHro, Tokho, ilnoHHH, h 6hbui ^npeKTop Ha HaHHOHajma-
Ta acTpoHOMHHecKa oGcepBaropHa MnraKa b Tokho. Toh Ka3Ba:
„MHoro ci>m BnenaTjieH, ne oricpHBaMe BepHH acTpoHOMHnecKH
(j)aKTH b CBemeHHa KopaH. Ci>BpeMeHHHTe acTpoHOMH ca roynnjiH
MHoro MajiKa o6jiacT ot BceneHara. Hne CMe HaconnjiH ycHjiHjrra ch
kbm pa36npaHeTO e^Ba Ha He3HaHHTejiHa HefiHa nacT, tbh KaTO ronon-
3BaHeTO Ha TejiecKonn hh no3BOJiaBa j\a bh^hm caMO orpaHHneHa 06-
jiacT ot He6eTO, a He uajiara BceneHa. 3aTOBa, KoraTO neTa CBememra
KopaH, B KOHTO HaMHpaM OTTOBOp Ha pa3JIHHHHTe BinpOCH, a3 MHCJIH,
ne Mora j\a HaMepa cboji 6i>Aem m>T 3a H3CJieflBaHe Ha BceneHaTa".
34
7. Ilpcx}). TaflacaTaT TaflaceficbH e saBe^am Kareflpara no aHaro-
mhh b YHHBepcHTeTa 3 aHr Men", Ham - Men, TafijiaHfl. ripe^H TOBa e
^eicaH Ha MeflHUHHCKHa (JjaKyjrreT b equina yHHBepcHTeT. Ilo Bpeisie
Ha OcMara cayziHTCica MeflHHHHCica KOH(J)epeHHH5i b Pna^, Cay^HTCKa
ApaGna, npo<}). Ta^>KeHci)H ica3Ba:
„Ilpe3 nocjie^HHTe Tpn roaHHH y MeH npeflH3BHKa HHTepec CBeme-
HHaT KopaH. ...B pe3yjiTaT Ha H3CJie,aBaHeTO ch h Ha TOBa, KoeTO
HayHHx ot Ta3H KOH(j)epeHLiHa, BapBaM, ne bchhko HanncaHO b CBeme-
HHa KopaH onje npe^H xHjuma h hbthphctothh to,zihhh e HCTHHa h mo-
ace j\a Gt^e flOKa3aHO flHec c HaynHH cpe^CTBa. T-bh KaTO He e Morbji
hhto j\a nnuie, hhto j\a neTe, IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H Tpa6Ba j\a e 6hji
npaTeHHK, npenpeflan Ta3H HCTHHa, kosto My e 6njia j\ai\Qna KaTO otk-
poBeHne ot hhkoto, kohto npHTe>KaBa KanecTBara Ha TBopeii. To3h
TBopeu; e Ajuiax. CjieflOBarejiHO mhcjdi, ne e Bpeisie ,aa ica>Ka JIh wiaxa
unjia Ajuiax, HHMa flpyr 6or ocbch Ajuiax, Myxajviedyp pacy.nio.n.nax -
MyxaMMe^ H e IlpaTeHHK Ha Ajuiax. HaKpaa 6hx HCKan j\a Gjiaro^apa
3a npeKpacHaTa h mhoto ycneuiHa opraHH3aHHa Ha Ta3H KOH^epeHHira.
...A3 cnenejiHx He caisio ot HaynHa h pejiHrH03Ha rjie^Ha TOHica, ho
HMax h orpoMHHa maHC p,a ce 3ano3Haa c MHoro H3BecTHH yneHH h j\a
cnenejiH mhoto hobh npHjrrejra cpe^ ynacTHHUHTe. Haii-HeHHOTO He-
hjo ot bchhko, KoeTO cneHejinx c H^BaHeTO ch Ha TOBa MacTO, e JIh ujih-
xe ujijiejuiax, MyxaMedyp pac.nwji.nax, h CTaBaM MiociojiMaHHH".
Cnefl bchhkh H3Jio>KeHH npHMepH 3a HayHHHTe nyneca b CBemeHira
KopaH h KOMenrapHTe Ha yneHHTe HeKa ch 3a,aa,neM cjie^HHTe Btiipo-
ch:
• Moace jih p,a e hhcto CbBna^eHHe, ne uajiaTa Ta3H HH(|)opMaii;Ha ot
pa3JiHHHHTe o6jiacTH Ha HaynaTa, cnoMeHara b CBemeHira KopaH, koh-
to e 6hji H3npaTeH npe^H xHjia^a h hcthphctothh ro^KHH, OTTOBapa
Ha CBBpeMeHHaTa Hayica?
• Bi>3MoacHO jih e MyxaMMe^ Hi hjih hhkoh flpyr hobck p,a e Hann-
caji CBenjeHHa KopaH?
EflHHCTBeHHaT Bi>3MO>KeH OTroBop e, He CBemeHHHT KopaH e TOH-
hoto cjiobo, H3npareHO ot Ajuiax.
35
II. OrpoMHOTO npeflH3BHKaTejiCTBO fla cbTBopimi cypa,
nofloSHa Ha cypHTe ot CeemeHHsi KopaH
Anjiax Ka3Ba b CBenjeHHa KopaH:
„A aKO ce cbMHneame e moea, memo one HU3itocjicuiu [Kopana]
na HauiuH pad [MyxaMMed $&], doneceme edna cypa [zjiaea], nodod-
na na nezoeume, u npu3oeeme eauiume ceudemenu - oceen Ajijiox -
aKO zoeopume ucmunama! Ho nezo/iu nanpaeume - a nuKoza ne me
fzoj nanpaeume, - 6oiime ce om Ozt>hh, zopueomo na Koiimo ca xo-
pama u KOMitHumel Tlodzomeen e mou 3a neeepnuuume. H djiazo-
eecmeaii [o, MyxaMMed, HSf one3u, Koumo eapeam u ei>puiam npa-
eednu dena, ue 3a max ca rpadunume [Panm], cped KoumopeKU me-
Kaml... "
(KopaH, 2: 23-25)
OTKaicro CBenjeHHaT KopaH e HH3nocjiaH npe^H noBene ot xnjuma
H HeTHpHCTOTHH TOflKHH, HHKOH He e B CbCTOJIHHe fl,S CT>3fl,ap,e flOpH efl-
Ha cypa icaro cypirre Ha CBemeffira KopaH - c TaxHara npenecT, BejiH-
KOJienHe, M-b^po 3aKOHOflaTejiCTBO, TOHHa HH(J)opMaiiH5i, Bepmi npe^-
CKa3aHHa h flpyrn cbBtpnieHH KanecTBa. Cmijo Tana, 3a6ejie»ceTe, ne
flopn Hafi-MajiKaTa cypa ot CBememra KopaH (cypa 108) ce cbctoh ca-
mo ot ^eceT flyMH, h p,o ^eH ^HeineH hhkoh He e cnoco6eH ,aa OTroBO-
4gVn /A\ /A\ XA> /A\ ^*.X ^A.X /A\ yiAX /A\ yiAN .fiAN AM /A\ /A\ ^*iV XAN . XAX ^A.<S V
■w <» <w -OT- ^gr -TO" vwx xvy nvv <5E- -TO- ■OT' <w <»• <w vfr <»■ ■OT' w
HaM-Ma/iKaTa cypa b CBeii|eHna KopaH (108) ce ct>ctom caMO ot fleceT flyMM, ho flo
fleH flHeiueH ou|e hmkom He e cnoco6eH fla OTroBopn Ha npeflM3BMKaiencTBOTO fla cvtbo-
pn cypa, noflo6Ha Ha cypnTe b CBeii|eHnn KopaH.
36
pn Ha npeflH3BHKaTejiCTB0T0, KaKTO TOBa He e HanpaBeHO h b MHHajio-
to 1 . Hhkoh ot HeBapBamHTe apa6n, kohto 6hjih BparoBe Ha ripopoica
MyxaMMe^ H, ce onHTajin fi,a ce H3npaBaT npe^ TOBa npeflH3BHKaTeji-
ctbo, 3a ji,a flOKa^KaT, ne MyxaMMe^ HI He e hcthhckh IlpopoK, ho He
ycnejiH j\a ro HanpaBjrr. Te He ycnejin, Bi>npeKH ne CBenjeHHHT KopaH
6hji HH3nocjiaH Ha TexHHa co6cTBeH e3HK h ne apa6nre no BpeivieTO Ha
MyxaMMe^ H 6hjih H3BecTHH etc CBoeTO KpacHopenHe - ctHHiraBajiH
npeKpacHa noe3HH, kojito ce neTe h neroi h ^Hec.
III. EhSjichckh npeflCKa3aHHsi 3a nosraaTa
Ha MyxaMMefl &, IIpopoKa Ha HCJiHMa
BnGjieficKHTe npeACKa3aHHH 3a nojraara Ha
IIpopoKa MyxaMMe^ ^OKa3BaT hcthhhoct-
Ta Ha HCJiHMa npe,n OHe3H, kohto BapBar b
En6jiH5rra.
B EnGnnaTa, b-bb BTopo3aKOHHe, Moncen
3aHB3Ba, ne Bor My roBopn: „A3 me hm h$-
flHrHa IlpopoK H3cpea SpaTsrra hm, KaKtB-
to ch th, me Bji05Ka flyMHTe Ch b ycTaTa
My, h Toil me hm roBopn bchhko, mo My A3 3anoBHflaM; A kohto
He nocjiyuia ayMHTe Mh, kohto (Ohh IlpopoK) me roBopn ot Moe
hmc ot Hero me ahdh CMeTKa".
r (BToptnaKOHHe 18: 18-19)
Ot Te3H HHTaTH e hcho, He npopoKiT, KoroTO Bor me H3npaTH, e:
1. IfeMe^Kfly „6paT3Ta" Ha ropanjrraHHTe - CTaBa Bi>npoc 3a TexHH-
Te 6paTOBneflH, HCMaHjrraHHTe. HcManji, ^pyrnaT chh Ha H6paxHM, e
npapo^HTeji Ha IIpopoKa MyxaMMe^ HI.
2. IlpopoK KaTO Moncen. E^Ba jih e HMano flpyrn ^Baisia npoponn,
kohto ji,a ch npnjiHHaT, KaKTO MoHceii h MyxaMMe^ Mup Had mux. H
eflHHHHT, h ^pyrHHT e ^an yHHBepcajieH 3aKOH, Ko^eKC 3a acHBOTa. H
e^HHHaT, h ^pyrHHT ce e H3npaBaji cpemy BparoBeTe h e nenejinji no
nyzjOTBopeH HanHH. H e^HHHHT, h .npyrHHT e 6hji npneT KaTO npopoK n
KaTO fli>p»caBHHK. MyxaMMe^ H h MoHceii ch npnjinHar h no ecTecT-
1 B* Al-Zarkashy. Al-Borlian fee Oloom Al-Quran. T. 2, c. 227.
2 B*. Al-Zarkashy. Al-Borlian fee Oloom Al-Quran. T. 2, c. 226.
37
BeHOTO pa>K^aHe, ceMeHHua >khbot h CM-bprra. C Hncyc Mup nejuy He
e Taica. Henjo noBene, OHe3H, kohto Ka3BaT, ne ro cjieflBar, ro CMjrraT 3a
Bo>kh chh, a He 3a npaTeHHK, icaKTO BapBar MiociojiMaHHTe.
Eto 3amo TOBa npe^CKasaHHe ce OTHaca He 3a Hncyc, a 3a IlpopoKa
MyxaMMefl 0, 3amoTO toh noBene ot Hncyc npHjinna Ha MoHcefi.
3a aHajioraa Meac^y Hncyc h MoHcen He Moace ,aa ce roBopn. Ci>-
mo Taxa b EBaHrenne ot HoaHa ce H3BecTaBa, ne eBpeirre onaKBajiH H3-
ni>jiHeHHeTO Ha Tpn pa3JiHHHH npeflCKa3aHHa. ritpBOTO 6hjio H^BaHe-
to Ha Hncyc. Btopoto 6hjio H^BaHeTO Ha Hjihs. TpeTOTO 6hjio H^Ba-
HeTO Ha IlpopoKa. ToBa e acHO ot Tpnre Bi>npoca, 3a^afleHH Ha HoaH
KptcTHTeji: „H TOBa e CBHaeTejiCTBOTO Ha HoaHa, KoraTO HyqeHTe
npoBOflHxa ot HepycajiHM CBemeHHHH h jicbhth aa ro nonHTaT:
koh ch th? Toii innoBHaa h He ce OTpene; moil innoBaaa: He cbm
a3 XpHCTOC H nonHTaxa ro: a mo ch? Hjihh jih ch th? Pene: He
CbM. IIpOpOKbT JIH CH TH? H OTrOBOpHI He".
(Ot HoaHa CBeTO EBaHreuHe, 1: 19-21)
BinpocbT, cBi>p3aH c „IlpopoKa" ot HoaH 1: 20, ce OTHaca 3a npefl-
CKa3aHneTO Ha BTopo3aKOHHeTO 18: 15 h 18: 18 1 — TOBa ce noTBtp^K-
flaBa h b fleaHHa Ha CBeTHre anocTOJin 13: 25. Ot bchhko ro TyK cth-
raisie p,o 3aKjiK)HeHHeTO, ne npeflCKa3aHHeTO bi>b BTopo3aKOHHeTO 18:
18 He ce OTHaca 3a Hncyc, a 3a IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ S.
3a6ejie)KeTe, ne Bor Ka3Ba b CTHxa cne,a npeflCKa3aHHeTO bi>b Bto-
po3aKOHHeTO 18: 18: „A kohto He nocjiyuia flyMHTe Mh, kohto
(Ohh IIpopoK) me roBopn ot Moe HMe, ot Hero me flnpsi CMeTKa".
(BTopo3aKOHHe, 18: 19). ToBa 03HaHaBa, ne kohto BapBa b BnGjiHHTa,
6h Tpa6Bajio j\a BapBa b TOBa, kocto to3h IIpopoK Ka3Ba, h to3h Ilpo-
poK e IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ S 2 .
IV. 3HaMeHHH ot CeemeHHJi KopaH npeflH3BecT5iBaT
6i>flemH cbShthji, kohto no-Ki>CHO ce cjiyHBaT
IlpHMep 3a ci>6HTHe, npeflCKa3aHO b CBenjeHHa KopaH, e noGe^aTa
Ha poMenre Ha^ nepcnre p,o hmkojiko ro^KHH - Me^K^y Tpn h ^eBeT,
cnefl KaTO poisieHTe ca nopa3eHH ot nepcHre.
1 B*. 6ejie)KKH b BmBjiha, H3AaHHe Ha Cb. Chhoa Ha 6bJirapcKaTa u,bpKBa, 1998, c.1297.
2 3a noBeqe iiHtjropMau.MH no Ta3H Tenia bjk. b 6poiuypaTa Eu6neucKU npopmecmea 3a noneama Ha
MyxaMMed, uciiumckuh IIpopoK.
38
Anjiax Ka3Ba b CBemeHna KopaH:
„PoMeume 6axa nodedenu na Hau-6nu3Kama 3eMH [na ApadcKua
nojiyocmpoe]. Ho cried nopaMcemiemo um me me no6edam cried hh-
kojiko fdud^a - om mpu do deeem] zodimu... ".
(KopaH, 30 :2-A)
Heica bhiihm KaKBO Ka3Ba ncTopnjrra 3 a Ta3H BonHa. B KHHraTa,
03arjiaBeHa Hcmopun na BiaawnuucKama dvpjicaea, ce Ka3Ba, ne po-
MeiicKaTa apMira npeTtproiBa jiohio nopaaceHne npn Ahthox npe3
613 r. n icaro pe3yjiTaT nepcHTe MHoro 6i>p30 HanpeflBar no bchhkh
(JipoHTOBe 1 . Tpy^HO e no TOBa Bpeisie m en npeflCTaBHM, ne poMenTe
me nodejisn nepcnTe, ho CBememraT KopaH npcupiraa, ne poMenTe me
6"bflaT no6eAHTejin cne,a hmkojiko (ot Tpn ^o ^eBeT) ro^KHH. Ilpe3
622 r., ^eBeT ronnHn cnefl nopa^KeHneTO Ha poMenre, flBeTe chjih (po-
Men h nepen) ce cpenjar Ha apMeHCica 3eMa h pe3yjrraTbT e peiHHTejma
noGe^a Ha poMenre Ha,a nepcnTe 3a ntpBH hbt cne,a nopa^KeHneTO Ha
poMenTe ot 613 ro^HHa 2 . IlpeflCKa3aHHeTO ce ocbnjecTBaBa tohho icaic-
to Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBenjeHna KopaH.
Hnia n MHoro flpyrn 3HaMeHna b CBenjeHna KopaH n npe^aHna ot
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ $Hk, cnoMeHaBamn 3a Gtflemn ci>6hth5i, kohto no-
KtCHO ce cjiyHBar.
V. Hy/jeca, H3Bi>puieHH ot IlpopoKa MyxaMMefl S
C no3BOJieHneTO Ha Ajinax IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H3Bi>pniBa mho-
acecTBO qyzjeca. Te ca 3acBHfleTejiCTBaHn ot MHoro xopa. Hanpnisiep:
• KoraTO HeBepHnnnre b MeKica ncnaT ot IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H
j\& hm noKaace ny^o, toh hm noKa3Ba pa3nenBaHeTO Ha jiyHara 3 .
• flpyro ny^o e noTnnaHeTO Ha BQaa ot nptCTnre Ha Ilpopoica My-
xaMMe^ 0, KoraTO HeroBHTe cnQUBnacHnnn ca aca^Hn n HMaT caisio Ma-
mie cbji, c BO^a. Te n^Bar npn Hero n My Ka3BaT, ne romar BO,aa hhto
3a MneHe, hhto 3a nneHe, c H3KjnoHeHne Ha MantK ci>,a. flpopoica
Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State, c. 95
2 riaK TaM, 100-101; Sykes. History of Persia, T. 1, 483-484. B*. cbino The New Encyclopaedia
Britannica, Micropaedia. T. 4, c. 1036.
3 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #3637, n Saheeh Muslim, #2802.
39
MyxaMMe^ iH cnara pwcara ch b to3h cb,h h BQnaTa 6jiHKBa roMeac^y
nptCTHTe My. Taica Te ycroraaT j\a ce HannaT h h3mhht. Bhjih xHjuma h
neTCTOTHH CnOflBIDKHHHH 1 .
H MHoro flpyrn ny^eca H3Bi>pniBa IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ S§>.
VI. OShkhobchhsit jkhbot Ha MyxaMMefl ft
Ako cpaBHHM >KHBOTa Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ npe^H HanajiOTO
Ha npoponecKara My mhchh h >KHBOTa My cne,a Hea, me ycTaHOBHM, ne
HaMa npHHHHH ,aa CMjrraMe MyxaMMe^ H 3a jitacenpopoK, kohto npe-
TeH^Hpa 3a npoponecTBO c ueji j\a nocTHrHe MarepHajiHH o6jiarH, Be-
jiH^ine, cnaBa hjih Bjiacx
IlpeflH ji,a BCTinn b npoponecKara ch mhchji, MyxaMMe^ miMa
(j)HHaHCOBH 3aTpyflHeHHa. KaTO H3BecTeH h npeycnaji yBaacaBaH rbpro-
Beu; toh peajiH3npa .ziocTarbHHO nenajiGa. Cjie,a icaro e HaTOBapeH c mh-
CHHTa Ha npopoK, MaTepnajiHOTO My CBCToaHHe ce BjiomaBa. 3a j\a
H33CHHM TOBa no-,no6pe, Hena pa3rjieflaMe cjie^HHTe npe^aHHa 3a He-
TOBHa jkhbot:
• Anma, CbnpyraTa Ha MyxaMMe^ il, Ka3Ba (Ha cboh njieMeHHHK
Ypya): „...IIjieMeHHUKO, i^eiiu dea Mecei^a nue npeKapaxMe, 6e3 da ce
nanu ozi>h [3a zomeene] e dojua na IlpopoKa ". Heimunm njiemeHHUK n
numa: „./Ie.ubo, c kokgo oijemeaxme? " Th omzoeapn: „C deeme Heiya
- (pyp.Mii u eoda, ho Ylpopona ujua cycedu [om ancapume] 2 , c doimu na-
mujiu, u me My npaufaxa no mcijiko mjirko " 3 .
• Caxji h6h Ca'afl, e^HH ot cno,nBioKHHHHTe Ha MyxaMMe^ il, ica3-
Ba: „IIpameHUKa hciAjijicix ne e hji xjih6, nanpaeen om xydaeo dpaiuno,
om epejuemo, Kozamo Ajinax zo U3npamu [namo npopoK] ma uaK do
CM-bpmma cu "\
• Anma, CbnpyraTa Ha MyxaMMe^ %, Ka3Ba: „TIocmejiHma na Ilpo-
poKa, na Konmo mou cneuie, 6e nanpasena om Kooica, Ham-bnKana c
1 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #3576, h Saheeh Muslim, #1856.
2 AHcapw: MeAHHCKHTe cnoABM>KHMU l M Ha ripopoKa.
3 Saheeh Muslim, #2972, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2567.
4 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #5413, h Al-Tlrmizi, #2364.
5 Saheeh Muslim, #2082, m Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6456.
40
• Amp h6h Aji-Xapnc, e^HH ot cnoflBHacHHHHTe Ha MyxaMMe^ 0,
Ka3Ba, ne KoraTO IlpopoKa noHHHaji, He ocTaBHji hhto napn, hhto He-
mo Apyro, c H3KjiK)HeHHe Ha MyjieTO ch, optacneTO ch h napne 3eMa,
KoaTO toh ocTaBHji KaTO nozjaaHHe 1 .
MyxaMMe^ H >KHBee ckpomho ^o CM-bpira ch, Bi>npeKH ne mk>ck>ji-
MaHCKaTa xa3Ha e Ha HeroBO pa3nojioaceHHe. rio-rojuiMaTa nacT ot
Apa6cKHa nonyocTpoB e MiociojiMaHCKa npe^H HeroBaTa CMtpT h mk>-
ciojiMaHHTe CTaBaT noGe^HTejiH oceMHaficeT tquhhh cjie,a HeroBaTa
MHCHH.
Bi>3mo>kho jih e MyxaMMe^ H m npeTeH^Hpa 3a npoponecTBO, 3a
A,a nocTHrHe bhcoko noriOKeHHe, BejiHHHe hjih BjiacT? JKejiamieTO 3a
nocTHraHe Ha o6mecTBeHO nojio>KeHHe h BjiacT o6hkhob6ho ce CBi>p3-
Ba c floGpa xpaHa, jiyKC03HH flpexn, BejinnecTBeHH nanaTH, oxpaHa h
6e3cnopHa Bjiacx Baacn jih hmkoh ot Te3H noKa3aTejiH 3a MyxaMMe^
:|&? IU,e HanpaBHM 6erbji nperjie^ Ha HeroBHa jkhbot, KoeTO me p,ap,e
OTroBop Ha to3h Binpoc. BinpeKH OTroBopHOCTHTe ch KaTO npopoK,
yHHTen, fltpacaBHHK h cbahji, MyxaMMe^ H npo/i'b.rDKaBa ^a p,on cbo-
jrra K03a 2 , m K-bpnH flpexnre ch, fi,a nonpaBa ooyBKirre ch 3 , js,a noMara
b .noMaKHHCKara pa6oTa 4 , j\a nocenjaBa Ge^HH xopa, Koraro ce pa36o-
jieaT 5 . Toh noMara h Ha CBOHTe chqzibh}khhhh npn no^roTOBKa 3 a 6ht-
Ka, KaTO 3ae^HO c Tax H3KapBa nacbK 6 . HeroBHar >khbot e yaHBHrejieH
MO^eji 3a npocTOTa h ckpomhoct
IIocjieflOBaTejiHTe Ha MyxaMMe^ HI no HenoBTopHM HanHH ro o6h-
nar, yBa^aBar h My BapBar. Bi>npeKH TOBa toh He npecTaBa j\a nonnep-
TaBa, ne o6o>KaBaHeTO Tpa6Ba p,a e HaconeHO kbm Ajuiax, a He ki>m He-
ro jihhho. AHac, Ajijiox da e doeonen om mzo, e^HH ot chohbidkhhhh-
Te Ha MyxaMMe^ 0, Ka3Ba, ne HaMa hobck, KoroTO Te j\a oGnnaT noBe-
ne ot IlpopoKa MyxaMMefl iH; flopn KoraTO BjiH3a npn Tax, He My CTa-
BaT Ha KpaKa, 3amoTO HeHaBiDK^a HanHHa, no kohto xopaTa ce ronpa-
B3T npefl CBOHTe jiH^epn 7 .
1 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2739, and Mosnad Ahmad, #17 990.
2 Mosnad Ahmad, #25 662.
Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #676, h Mosnad Ahmad, #25 517.
4 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #676, h Mosnad Ahmad, #23 706.
5 Mowatta' Malek, #531.
3 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #3034, n Saheeh Muslim, #1803, h Mosnad Ahmad, #18 017.
'Mosnad Ahmad, #12 117, h Al-Tlrmizi, #2754.
41
Miroro npe^H p,a HMa HHKaicbB H3rjie,a 3a ycnex Ha HCJiaMa h ot ca-
moto Hanajio Ha fltjira h H3ni>jiHeHa c MtHeHHa, CTpa^aHHe h npecjie^-
BaHe 3a Hero h cnozjBroKHHHHTe My epa, IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H nojiy-
naBa HHTepecHO npefljKweHHe. IlpaTeHHicbT Ha e3HHecKHTe jiH^epn
YT6a mjspa npn Hero h My Ka3Ba: „...Ako HCKam napn, me ci>6epeM
flOCTaTtHHO napn 3a Te6, TaKa ne p,a CTaHein Haii-6oraTHaT ot Hac. Ako
HCKain ji,a 6i>,neiii BO^an, HHe me Te npneMeM 3a jiimep h HHKora roiMa
A,a pemaBaMe Bi>npoc 6e3 TBoeTO Cbrjiacne. Ako HCKain KpajiCTBO, me
Te HanpaBHM Hani Kpan. . . " CaMO e^HO Hemo ce HCKa ot MyxaMMe^ il
- j\a ce OTKaace j\a npn30BaBa xopaTa k-bm o6o>KecTB>iBaHe Ha eflHH-
e^HHCTBeH Bor. ToBa npe^jioaceHHe He e jih ci>6jia3HHTejiHO 3a HOBeica,
roHem 3eMHH noji3H? Pa3KOJie6aH jih e MyxaMMe^ H c TOBa npefljio-
5KeHHe? Otxbi>pji>i jih ro icaro CTpaTerna ,aa ce na3apn h p,a ch ocTaBH
bi>3mo3khoct 3a no-,no6po npe,HJio>KeHHe? He, toh OTroBapa: „B hmcto
Ha Ajijiax, BceMHjiocTHBHH MHjiocbp/iHHsi". H 3anoHHaji ji,a peuH-
Tnpa npefl YT6a 3HaMeHHH ot CBemeHHa KopaH 41: 1-38 1 . Eto hmkoh
ot Tax:
„Hu3nocjiaHue om BceMunocmueun, Mujiocbpdmin - Knuza,
3HOMeHuama na Konmo ca pa3HCHemi - KopaH na apadcKU 3a xopa
npoyMneamu - djiazoeecmumeji u npedynpedumeji. Ho noeeuemo om
max ce omep^mam u ne ce eaiyiueam".
(KopaH, 41: 2-4)
Ilo flpyr noBO,n h b OTroBop Ha MOJi6ara Ha hhho ch j\a cnpe j\a npn-
30BaBa xopaTa ki>m HCJiHMa, OTroBopijT Ha MyxaMMe^ H e peinHrejieH
h HCKpeH: „Kbjma ce e ujwemo hoAjijiox, mmo, dopu da c.nojicam cjit>h-
ijemo e dncnama mu p-bKa u Jiynama e nmama mu p-bKa, 3a da ce om-
Ka.nca om moea de.no, mimza ne 6nx ce omKasan oceen axo Ajinax nan-
paeu da evsm-bp.M'ecmeyea moea de.no win da sazima, 3aiuumaeauKU
zo".
MyxaMMe^ H h hhkojikoto nocjieflOBarejra ne caMO CTpa^ar ot
npecjie^BaHe h rHeT TpHHaiiceT ronmiH, ho flopn hhkojiko ni>TH HeBep-
hhhh ce onHTBaT ji,a ro y6nin. B e^HH ot cjiynaHTe Te oriHTBaT j\a ro
1 Ibn Hesham. Al-Serah Al-Nabaweyyah. T. 1, 293-294.
42
y6HHT, KaTO nycKaT rojuiM CKaneH Gjiok, kohto e^Ba MO>Keji ^a Gt^e
B^HrHaT, 3a j\a na^He Btpxy raaBaTa My 1 . fl,pyr m>T onHTBar j\a ro y6n-
aT, KaTO OTpoBHjiH xpaHaTa My 2 . KaKBO Henjo 6h onpaB^ajio TaKtB acn-
bot Ha CTpa^aHHe h acepTBH, flopn h cjie,a m>jiHa noGe^a Ha,a npoTHB-
HHiiHTe? KaKBO 6h Monro ,aa oGjichh CKpoMHOCira h BejiHKOflyniHeTO,
kohto toh noKa3Ba b HaH-cjiaBmrre momchth, KoraTO HacTOHBa j\a ot-
6ejiejKH, ne ycnexbT ce .htdidkh caMO Ha noMourra Ha Ajinax, a He Ha
co6cTBeHHa My reHHii h yMeHHaTa My? Eh jih Morao TOBa j\a ca xapaK-
TepncTHKH Ha aca^eH 3a BjiacT hjih eroHempHqeH hobbk?
OeHOMeHajmoTO pa3npocTpaHeHHe Ha Hcnsuvia
HaKpaa Moace 6h e nozrxonamo ,na nocoHHM Ba^KeH npH3HaK 3a hc-
THHHOCTTa Ha HCJIHMa. fl,o6pe H3BeCTHO e, He HCJiaMtT e HaH-6"bp30
pa3npocTpaHaBamaTa ce pejiHrna b Cte^HHeHHTe AMepmcaHCKH ina-
TH. CjieflBaT HHKOJIKO Ha6jIK)fleHHH Ha T03H 4>eHOMeH:
• „HcjiaM'bT e HaH-6"bp30 pasnpocTpaHaBamara ce pejiHraa b AMe-
pHKa, HantTCTBHe h onopa 3a CTaGnjiHOCT 3a mhoto xopa ot Hainna Ha-
pofl. . . " (XnjiapH PoflMaH Kjikht-bh - Hoc Andncenuc Tamicf.
• „MrocrojiMaHHTe ca HaH-6i>p30 pa3pacTBamaTa ce oGuthoct b CBe-
Ta..." (The Population Reference Bureau, USA Today) 4 .
• „...HcjiaM-bT e HaH-6i>p30 pa3npocTpaHaBamaTa ce pejiHrna b
CTpaHaTa" (}KepajiflHH Bom, Newsday Religion Writer, Newsday) 5 .
• „Hcji)iM'bT e HaH-6i>p30 pa3npocTpaHHBamaTa ce pejiHrna b Cte-
^HHeHHTe mara..." (Apn ToimMaH, New York Times) 6 .
To3H (jieHOMeH noKa3Ba, ne hcjimm-bt e HancTHHa pejinrna ot Aji-
jiax. Hepa3yMHO e ^a ce CMjrra, ne TOJiKOBa mhoto aMepHKaHHH
1 Ibn Hesham. Al-Serah Al-Nabaweyyah. T. 1 , 298-299.
2 Al-Daremey, #68, h Abu-Dawood, #4510.
-' Larry B. Stammer, Times Religion Writer, "First Lady Breaks Ground With Muslims". Los Angelis
Times, Home Edition, Metro Section, Part B, May 31, 1996, c. 3.
4 Timothy Kenny, "Elsewhere in the World", USA Today, Final Edition, News Section, February 17,
1989, c.4A.
5 Geraldine Baum, "For Love of Allah," Newsday, Nassau and Suffolk Edition, Part II, March 7, 1989,
c. 4.
6 Ari L. Goldman, "Mainstream Islam Rapidly Embraced By Black Americans", New York Times, Late
City Final Edition, February 21, 1989, c. 1.
43
npneMaT HCJiaMa, 6e3 j\a npeueHHT BHHMarejiHO h ^IjJiGoko j\a o6mhc-
jmt, npe^H ji,a peinaT, ne HCJiaMtT e HCTHHHaTa pejiHraa. Te3H aiviepH-
icaHHH npoH3JiH3aT ot pa3JiHHHH KjiacH, pacH h npo(J)ecHH. Cpefl tax
HMa yneHH, npo<})ecopH, (})hjioco(J)h h >KypHajiHCTH.
B-bnpocHTe, cnoMeHaTH b Ta3H raaBa, ca caisio nacT ot flOKa3a-
TejiCTBaTa, nozwbpacamH MHeHHeTO, ne CBememraT KopaH e hcthhho-
to Eocene Cjiobo, ne MyxaMMe,a H e IlpopoK Ecokhh, h ne HCJiaMtT e
HCTHHHaTa pejinrna Ha Ajinax.
44
BTopa rjiaBa
H3K0H nOJI3H OT HCJI3MA
HcjiaMtT ocHiypaBa MHoro noji3H 3a OT^ejiHHa hh^hbh^ h oGmec-
tboto. B Ta3H niaBa ce cnoMeHaBar hhkoh ot noji3HTe 3a HH^HBH^a.
I. OTKpHBaHe ni>TJi kbm bchhhh Paii
BceBHuiHiMT Ajuiax Ka3Ba b CBemeHira KopaH:
„H dnazoeecmeau one3u [o MyxaMMed], Koumo eapeam u e~bp-
luam npaeednu dena, ue 3a max ca rpadunume [na Pan], cped kou-
mo perni meKam! ..."
(KopaH, 2: 25)
BceBHiHHiwT Ajuiax Ka3Ba ci>mo:
„ Hadnpeeapeaume ce KbM onpou^enue om eauiua Tocnod u kt>m
rpadunama [Pan] c uiupima, KOJiKomo mupunama na nedemo u na
3eMnma, npuzomeena 3a one3u, Koumo noenpeaxa eA/uiax u e Hezo-
eume npamenuv^ul ... "
(KopaH, 57: 21)
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H hh H3BecTaBa, ne Haii-HHCKHTe no CTeneH
H3Meac,iiy o6HTaTejiHTe Ha Paa me HMar ^eceT m>TH no-xy6aB ot to3h
acHBOT 1 h me HMaT KaKBOTO noKenaaT, h ^eceT irbTH no-flo6po 2 . Cmijo
Taxa IlpopoKa Ka3Ba: „ Edna crnvriKa om npocmpcmcmeomo e Pan e no-
do6po om mo3u cenm u om onoea, memo wua e nezo "\ Toh Ka3Ba ci>-
mo: „B Pan umq mciKiiea neiija, Koumo numo oko e euncdano, mimo yxo
1 Saheeh Muslim, #186, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6571.
2 Saheeh Muslim, #188, h Mosnad Ahmad, #10 832.
3 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6568, h Mosnad Ahmad, #1 3 368.
e nyeano, numo Hoeeumu yju cm e npedcmaem "'. H cbmo: „...H u^e do-
Kapam OH3U om o6umamejiume na Pan, Kottmo e 3cmhuh Jicueom e 6wi
hciu-cujiho 3Jiou\acmeH, u me 6-bde dundoKO nomonen e rpadunama (u
laeadeu), nocne u\e zo nonumam: „ 0, cune Adajvioe, euzicdaji jiu cu hh-
Koea 3Jioii{acmue? Cjiywana jiu mu ce e hhkozci 6eda?" Toil tae ormo-
eopu: „He, Khjina ce e Ajinax. HuKoea He mu ce e cjiyueano 3Jiou\acmue.
HiiKoea ue cum euj/cdan 6eda " 2 .
Ako Bjie3ein b Paa, me aareeem mhoto macTjiHBO 6e3 6ojiecT, 6oji-
Ka, Ttra h cm^pt; Ajinax me 6i>fle ^OBOJieH ot Te6 h BenHO me acHBe-
ein TaM. Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBemeHira KopaH:
„A one3ii, Koumo eapeam u 6T>puiam npaeednu data, m e e^eedeM
e rpadiiHiime [Pan], cped Koumo pemi memm u moM m e npeduea-
eam eeuno u 3aeunazu ".
(KopaH. 4: 57)
II. CnaceHHe ot OrbHH Ha A/ja
Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBemeHHa KopaH:
„ Om one3u, Koumo ce ompeKam u yMpam neeepnumi, ne me fa-
de npuema Kamo ontKyn dopu m>juia ct>c 3Jiamo 3ejna. 3a max ujna
6ojie3Heno MTtuenue u hukou ne m e zu U36aeu. "
(KopaH. 3: 91)
Eto 3anjo 3eMHH3T acHBOT hh e e^HHCTBeHHaT maHC ji,a cnenejiHM
Paa h ji,a ce cnacHM ot OrbHa Ha A^a. Kohto yivipe b HeBepne, toh He
me HMa flpyr maHC j\a ce BtpHe Ha T03H cbht, 3a j\a noBapBa. Kaicro
Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBemeHHa KopaH othocho ctflGara Ha HeBepHHHHTe b
CtAHHii ^eH:
„H aKO mu 6u eudaji, Kozamo frbdam mnpaeenu nped Ozt>hh, KaK
me peKam: „O t aKO frbdeM erbpnamu [na ceema], ne m e 63UMOMe 3a
jrbMca 3HOMeHunma na nauiua Tocnod u m e ewe om enpeamume! "
(KopaH. 6: 27)
1 Saheeh Muslim, #2825, h Mosnad Ahmad, #8609.
2 Saheeh Muslim, #2807, m Mosnad Ahmad, #12 699.
46
Hhkoh oGane He me ma Ta3H BTopa bi>3mo>khoct.
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H Ka3Ba: „B ffeun Ha GviKpecenuemo lue do-
Kapam OH3U om o6umamenume na Oz-bHH, kouwio hciu-mhozo e 6.na-
nceHcmeaji e 'leMHim Jicueom, nad-bJidoKO ii{e zo nomonnm e Oz-bHH (u
laeadeti), nocne lue zo nonwnam: „ O, cune Adajuoe, euotcdcui jiu cu hh-
Koza do6po? Cjiyneajio jiu mu ce e HHKOza djiaj/ceucmeos '" A mou lue
omzoeopu: „He, Kbima ce e me6 o, An.nax, Focnodul " l
III. Hcthhcko macTHe H BtTpeuieH MHp
Hcthhckoto macrae h MHp MoraT ji,a ce HaMepjrr e^HHCTBeHO b
noflHHHeHHeTO npe^ 3anoBeflHTe Ha Ci>3AaTeji)i h 3aKpHji-
HHKa Ha to3h CBax Ajijiax Ka3Ba b CBemeHHa KopaH:
„...0, da, npu cnoMeHaeanemo na Ajijiox cbp-
u,ama ce ycnoKomam".
(KopaH, 13: 28)
Ot flpyra CTpaHa, kohto ce OT^pinHe ot CBeme-
HHa KopaH, me ma TpyzjHOCTH h b to3h, h b otbi>,h-
mra acHBOT. Ajijiax Ka3Ba:
„A Koumo ce omdp-bnea om Moemo nanoMHane, 3a nezo wna 3ku-
eom e Jiuuienua u cjian me zo nodKapanie e Jlenn na ei>3KpeceHue-
mo".
(KopaH, 20: 124)
ToBa Moace ^a oGschh 3anjo hmkoh xopa H3Bi>piiiBaT caisioyGHHCTBO
BinpeKH MaTepnajiHHa KOM(j)opT h mhototo napn, kohto npHreacaBar.
BnacTe HanpHMep KeT Cthbi>hc (cera K)cy(J) Hcjihm), H3BecTeH b mh-
HajiOTO non neBeu;, kohto noHjncora nenejinji Ha^ 150 000 ^ojiapa Ha
Benep. Cne,a KaTO npneisia HCJiHMa, toh OTKpHBa hcthhckoto macTHe h
MHp, kohto He HaMepHji b MarepHajiHHa ycnex 2 .
1 Saheeh Muslim, #2807, h Mosnad Ahmad, #12 699.
2 HacTOfliUHflT aApec Ha KeT CTHBbHC (KDcycp Hchhm), b cnyMaii Me wsnaeie p,a ro nHTaTe KaK ce
MyBCTBa, cneA KaTO e npHen McnaMa, e: 2 Digswell Street, London N7 8JX, United Kingdom.
47
IV. OnpomeHHe 3a bchhkh npeflnuiHH rpexoee
KoraTO HOBeic npneivie HCJiaMa, Ajuiax onponjaBa bchhkhtc My npe-
^huihh rpexoBe h 3JiOAeaHHa. Amp h6h an- Ac, Ajuiax p,a e ^OBOJieH ot
Hero, pa3Ka3Ba: „...Omudox npu MyxaMMed u kcimx: „TlpomezHU
decHUifa, 3a da mu ce 3cncbjma eye enpuocml " Tou npomezua decuuifa,
ho a3 cmiicnax p-bKCtma cu. Tlonuma: „KciKeo ujua, Amp? " Omzoeopux:
„Hckcim da nocmaen ycnoeue ". Tlonuma: „Kaneo ycnoeue? " Omzoeo-
pux: ,,/la 6-bda onpocmeu ". Ka3a: „He 3uaeui nu, ue ucjixMtm pct3py-
uiaea npedxoduomo... ? " l
Cnefl icaro npneMe HCJiaMa, HOBeic nojiynaBa Bi>3,ziajiHHe 3a CBOHTe
flena cnopefl cjieflHoro npcuairae ot IlpopoKa MyxaMMed H: „Teoxm
Tocnodap, Koumo e dnaomen u dnazopodeu, e uau-Munocmue. Ajuiax e
npednucan dodpume u Jioumme dena. Cjied moea zu pcaxcmw. Koumo
e e-b3HaMepmaji da mei>puiu dodpo deno, ho He zo e uanpaeun, Tlped-
nazocnoeeuunm u Bceeuumunm Ajuiax zo 3anucea npu Cede cu xamo
uanunuo dodpo deno. Ako e &b3uaMepnean da zo U3evpuiu u zo e uan-
paenn, Ajuiax zo 3anucea xamo om decern do cedeMcmomuu u mhozo
noeene. Ako e e%3HaMepuean da mebpwu jiouio deno, ho ue zo e uan-
paeun, Bceeuumunm Annax zo 3anucea npu Cede cu xamo ucmuucKU
dodpo deno. Ako e ewuajiiepfiean da zo U3eypiuu u zo e uanpaeun, An-
nax zo 3anucea Kamo eduo jiouio deno " 2 .
'Saheeh Muslim, #121, m Mosnad Ahmad, #17 357.
2 Mosnad Ahmad, #2515, h Saheeh Muslim, #131.
48
TpeTa rjiaBa
OEIIIA HHOOPMAIIHa 3A HCJIJIMA
KaKBO e hcjijim?
PejiHrnaTa ucjirm e hhjioctho npneMaHe h noicopcTBO Ha yneHHeTO Ha
Ajinax, KoeTO Ton H3npama npe3 nocjieflHHa Ch IlpopoK MyxaMMe^ H.
Hsikoh ochobii Ha BsipaTa
1 . Bapa b Ajinax
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar b eflHH-eflHHCTBeH Bor, kohto HaMa paBeH
Ha ce6e ch, kohto HaMa hhto chh, hhto cbflpy^KHHK, h hhkoh HaMa
npaBO ji,a 6i>Ae o6o>KaBaH ocbch Hero. Ton e hcthhckhjit Bor - bcckh
flpyr 6or e H3MHCJieH h (J'ajmiHB. Ton npHreacaBa Han-npeKpacHHTe
HMeHa h cbBtpineHH KanecTBa. Ton mnsia cb/ipyacHHHH b CBorra ci>m-
hoct. B CBenjeHHa KopaH Ajinax onncBa
Ce6e ch:
„KadKU [o, MyxaMMed]: „Tou eA/uiax -
EduHcmeemiH, Ajijiox, Ife/ima fna ecuuKU
6T>3KdejieHun]! Humo e pawcdaji, numo e
poden, u najna paeen HeMy".
Ii
Cypa 112 ot CBememm KopaH,
(KopaH, 112: 1—4) apa6cKH KajiwrpacpcKH HaAnwc.
Cnopefl HCJMMa hhkoh HaMa npaBO ^a ce mojih hjih j\& H3Bi>piiiBa
6orocjiy»ceHHe 3a flpyr ocbch 3a e^HHCTBeHHa Bor.
EflHHCTBeHO Ajinax e BceBHHimraT, Ci>3flaTeji)iT, BjiafleTejurr h
rioKpoBHTejiaT Ha bchhko b uajiara BceneHa. Ton ynpaBjiaBa bchhkh
flena. Ton HaMa Hy^a ot hhto ejipo ot Cbohtc CKwaHHa, a bchhkh
HeroBH ci>3AaHHa ce ynoBaBaT Ha Hero 3a bchhko, ot KoeTO HMar Hy>K-
fla. Toii e BcenyBam, BceBHac^am h Bce3Haem. Ilo Haii-nep^eKTeH Ha-
HHH HerOBOTO 3HaHHe 06xBama BCHHKO - H 3BH0T0, H TaHHOTO, h 06-
iiioto, h jihhhoto. Toii 3Hae KaKBO ce e cjiyHHjio, KaKBO me ce cjiynH
h KaK me ce cjryHH. Hhhjo ne ce cnyHBa Ha CBeTa ocBeH no HeroBaTa
Bona. KaKBOTO Toii noacenae, TOBa ce cnyHBa, h KaKBOTO Toii He e no-
>Kejiaji, HHKora mnsia p,a ce cjiynn. HerOBOTO MorbmecTBO e Ha,a bchh-
ko. HeroBaTa both e Ha,a BOJiaTa Ha bchhkh. Toii e Haii-MHjiocTHBHaT
h HaH-MHjiocbpflHHaT, h HaH-IU,e,zipH5rT. B e^HO ot ripe/iamMTa Ha
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ j§l ce Ka3Ba, ne Ajinax e ho-mhjiocthb ki>m Cbo-
HTe ci>3flaHHa, otkojikoto e^Ha MaiiKa item CBOirre fleua 1 . Ajinax e p,a-
jiene ot HecnpaBefljiHBOCTTa h THpaHHjrra. Toii e IIpeM'b.n'bp bi>b bchh-
kh Cboh ^ejia h noBejin. Ako hmkoh >Kejiae Hemo ot Ajinax, Toii Tpa6-
Ba j\a mojih ^npeKTHO Hero, 6e3 j\a ronojBBa nocpeflHHK.
Bor He e Hncyc h Hncyc He e Bor 2 . flopn caMHaT Hncyc e OTXBtp-
jihji TOBa. Ajinax Ka3Ba b CBemeHira KopaH:
„Enxa Heeepnuuu one3u, Koumo penoxa: „Ajuiax, moea e Mecua-
ma, [Hucyc] cum>m na Mapuajn". A Mecuama pene: „0, cunoee na
Hcpauji, aiyjKeme na Ajijiox - Moa Tocnod u eauiun Tocnodl 3a oh-
3U, Koiimo cbdpywcaea c Ajijiox, ewdpanu My Ajinax Paa u nezoeomo
Macmo e OzTtnam. YzHemumejiume HHMam 3aKpuj\Huuu".
(KopaH. 5: 72)
Bor He e TpoHua. Ajinax ica3Ba b CBemeffira KopaH:
„HeeepHuuu ca one3u, Koumo Ka3eam: „Ajijiox, moea e mpemu-
am om mpouu,ama". A HRMa dpyz Eoz oceen eduncmeenua Eoz H
aKO ne npecmanam da zoeopam moea, 6ojie3Heno MitHenue me cno-
nemu Heeepnuiiume. He me jiu ce noKaam nped Ajijiox u ne me jiu
To noMonnm 3a onpow,eHiie? Ajijiox e onpomaeam, MUJiocbpden.
Mecuama, cutrbm na MapuaM, e como npamenuK. . . ".
(KopaH. 5: 73-75)
1 Saheeh Muslim, #2754, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #5999.
2 Ha 25 kdhh 1984 rofliiHa AcoiuweHTHA ripec, JIohaoh, npeAaBa, He b TejieBH3H0HH0 npoyMBaHe
noBeMeTO aHmwKaHCKM enncKonn 3aflBflBaT: „XpHCTHflHHTe He ca AHbWHH Aa BapBaT, He l/lwcyc
Xphctoc e 6wn Bor". AHKeTaTa e npoBeAeHa c 31 ot 39-Te amruiMCKM enHCKonw. B cbo6iAeHweTO ce
yTOMHSBa, Me 19 ot 31 erwcKorw ca Kaaaxw, ne e AOCTaTbMHO Mwcyc Aa 6bAe CMflTaH 3a „Haii-
roneMHn Bo>kh npeACTaBHTen". ripoyMBaHeTO e npoBeAeHO ot ceAMHMHaTa pejw™o3Ha nporpaMa
„KpeAo" Ha London Weekend Television.
50
HcjiaMtT oxxBtpjifl, ne Bor e noHHBaji Ha ce^MHH ^eH Ha CBTBope-
HneTO, ne ce e Gopnji c e^HH ot Cbohtc aHrejin, ne e 33bhctjihb koh-
cnnpaTop cpemy HOBenecTBOTO h ne e Bi>njii>TeH b hobchiko ctmecTBO.
HcjiaMtT cbmo OTXBi>pji)i npHnHCBaHeTO Ha BcaKaKBa HOBennca (jiop-
Ma Ha Bor. Bchhko TOBa ce CMjrra 3a 6oroxyjiCTBO. Bor e Bi>3BHiiieHHaT.
Ton e npenncT ot bcjiko HecbBtpmeHCTBO. Ton HHKora He ce yiviopaBa,
He ro o63eMa hhto ppxMKa, hhto cbh.
Apa6cKaTa pyMa Ajijiox 3Ha i iH Bor (e/iHHCTBeHHHT Bor, kohto e ci>t-
bophji uajiaTa BceneHa). Ajijiox e HMe Ha Bora, KoeTO ce H3noji3Ba ot
roBopemHTe apa6cKH, eflHOBpervieHHO ot MiociojiMaHH h xphcthshh.
Ta3H ,ryMa He Moace ^a ce H3noji3Ba 3a 03HaHaBaHeTO Ha Henjo flpyro,
ocBeH 3a e^HHCTBeHHa Bor. ApaGcicara flyrvta Ajijiox ce cpenja noBene
ot 2150 nijTH b CBenjeHHa KopaH. Ha apaMeiicKH e3HK, 6jiH3"bK p,o
apa6cKHa, Ha kohto h Hncyc e roBopen 1 , pyMara Auuax cbhio ce OTHa-
ca 3a Bor.
2. Bapa b aHrejiHTe
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar b ci>mecTByBaHeTO Ha aHrejiHTe h ne Te ca
6jiaropoflHH ci>3flaHHa. AHrejiHTe cjiy>KaT e^HHCTBeHO Ha Ajuiax, no,n-
HHHaBaT My ce h npaBjrr caivio TOBa, KoeTO Ton hm 3anoBjma. Cpe^ aH-
rejiHTe e JJ^Kn6pnsi, kohto no noBejurra Ha Ajuiax HH3nocjiaji CBenje-
HHa KopaH Ha MyxaMMe^ H.
3. Bapa b H3npaTeHHTe ot Ajuiax khhi-h
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar, ne Ajuiax e H3npaTHji khhiti Ha Cbohtc
npareffimii KaTO flOKa3aTejiCTBO h ptKOBOflCTBO 3a HOBenecTBOTO. Cpefl
Te3H KHHrn e CBenjeHHaT KopaH, kohto Ajuiax e HH3nocjiaji Ha Ilpo-
poKa MyxaMMe^ 0. Ajuiax rapanrapa 3amHTara Ha CBemeHira KopaH
ot BcaKaKBa npoisiaHa h H3onaHaBaHe. Ajuiax Ka3Ba:
„Haucmuna Hue HU3nocnaxMe HanoMHanemo [Kopana] u Hue
HenpeMeHHO u^e zo na3UM".
(KopaH, 15:9)
Douglas. NIV Compact Dictionary of the Bible, c. 42.
51
4. Bapa b npopoHirre h npareHHiiHTe Ha Ajuiax
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar b npopoHirre h npareHHHHTe Ha Ajuiax, Ka-
to ce 3anoHHe ot A^aisi h ce CTHrHe ^o Hyx (Hoii), H6paxHM (ABpa-
aM), HcManji (H3MaHji), HcxaK (HcaaK), Haicy6 (HaKOB), Myca (Moh-
cefi) h Hca (Hncyc) - MHp Ha,n Tax. Ho nocjie^HOTO nocnaHHe Ha Aji-
jiax kbm xopaTa, noTBtp^KfleHHeTO Ha bchhoto nocjiamie, e HH3nocjia-
ho Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ 0. MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar, ne MyxaMMe^
H e nocjieAHHHT npopoK, H3npaTeH ot Ajuiax, KaKTO Ton noBejiaBa:
„MyxaMMed S&ne e 6aw,a na hukozo om eaiuume MT>Mce, a e Tlpa-
menuKa na Ajijiox u nocjiedmwm om npopou,ume. Ajijiox 3Hae ecn-
ko Hew,o".
(KopaH, 33: 40)
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar, ne bchhkh npopoHH h npareHHHH ca ho-
BeniKH cbmecTBa, kohto He npHreacaBar hhto e^HO ot Bo>KHHTe icane-
CTBa.
5. Bapa b CtflHiia ^ eH
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar b Ctflmia ,neH (J\ens Ha Bi>3KpeceHHeTo), b
kohto bchhkh xopa me 6"bflaT Bi>3KpeceHH 3a npncbflaTa Ha Ajuiax cno-
pefl CBOHTe yGe^K^eHHa h ^ena.
6. Bapa b Aji-Kadap
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar b cvi-Kadap, kocto 03HanaBa BoacneTO npe-
flonpeflejieHHe. Bapara b npeflonpeAejieHHeTO He 03HanaBa, ne hobck
HaMa CBo6oflHa Bona. Ilo-CKopo MiociojiMaHHTe BapBaT, ne Ajuiax ^aBa
Ha HOBeKa CBoGo^a Ha BOJiaTa, T.e. toh Moace j\& H36npa npaBHjiHOTO
hjih rpeinHOTO h e OTroBopeH 3a CBoa H36op.
Bapara b npeflonpe/iejieHHeTO BKjiiOHBa BapaTa b nerapH Henja:
1. Ajuiax 3Hae bchhko. Toh 3Hae KaKBO ce e cjiynnjio h KaKBO me ce
cjiynn; 2. Ajuiax e 3anncaji bchhko, KoeTO ce e cjiynnjio, h bchhko, ko-
eTO me ce cjiynn; 3. KaKBOTO h j\a HCKa Ajuiax ^a ce cjiynn, to ce cjiyn-
Ba, KaKBOTO He HCKa ^a ce cjiynn, to He ce cjiynBa; 4. Ajuiax e Ci>tbo-
pHTenaT Ha bchhko.
52
Hivia jih flpyr ceemeH h3tohhhk
oceeH CeemeHHsi KopaH?
J\a. CyHHaTa (oHOBa, kocto IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ Si ica3Ba, npaBH h
Oflo6pHBa) e BTopmrr h3tohhhk b HCJiaMa. Th ce cbctoh ot xa^HCH, ko-
hto ca aBTeHTiMHO npeflafleHH CBe^eHHa (hjih ci>o6meHH5i) ot cnofl-
BnacHHi(HTe Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ 3a OHOBa, kocto toh Ka3Ba,
npaBH h ofloGpaBa. Bapara b cyHHaTa e ocHOBa Ha HCJiaMCKara Bapa.
IIpHMepH Ha npeflaHHJi ot IlpopoKa MyxaMMefl H
• „TIo ceonma GMUMHa o6uh, cbnyecmeue u cbcmpadcmue enpea-
u^ume npujiunam Ha noeeuimmo wihjio: axo hhkoh uezoea uacm 3a6o-
nee, umomo mnno cmpada om 6e3CT>mie u mpecKa " l .
• „C Hau-c-bG-bpuieHa enpa ca enpeau^ume c npeKpaceu upae, uau-
dodpume cped eac ca uaii-dodpume cnpHMO j/ceuume cu '".
• „Hukou om eac He u\e ujwa m>jiHa enpa, npedu da e 3ao6imaji 3a
ceoH 6pam cbiuomo, Koemo oduia 3a ce6e cu "\
• „Mujiocmueume ca noMuneauu u om BceMUJiocmueun. UoMuneau-
me zu na seMiima u Ajuiax u\e eu noMiuiea " 4 .
• „He npeue6peeeau uuu\o om dodpomeopcmeomo, dopii moea, da
cpeu\ueui c npueemnueo Jiuue ceon 6pam! " 5
• „ffo6pama dyjwa e Munocmuun " 6 .
• „Koumo enpea e Annax u e C-bduun den, uexa ce omuaca do6pe
KbM cbceda cu "\
• „Ajuiax He zjieda uumo e-huuiuuR eu eud, uumo eauiume doeamcm-
ea, a zueda eauiume cvpua u eauiume de.na " s .
' Saheeh Muslim, #2586, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6011.
2 Mosnad Ahmad, #7354, h Al-Tlrmizi, #1162.
Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #13, h Saheeh Muslim, #45.
4 AI-Tirmizi, #1924, h Abu-Dawood, #4941.
5 Al-Tirmizi,#1956.
6 Saheeh Muslim, #1009, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2989.
7 Saheeh Muslim, #48, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6019.
8 Saheeh Muslim, #2564.
53
• „I]jiamu hci padommiKa ueeoeama uaduuua, npedu da e 3ac-bxua-
na nomma My "'.
• „ffoKamo eduu M-b3ic &bpenn no m>nw, waxcdama My ce ycujiuna.
Toil HaM.epn.Ji xnadeueif, c.mshn do ueeo u nun. nocne usjiHJbJi u moza-
ea eudnn Kyne c u3nne3eH eiUK, Koemo om .ncancda nujice enaj/cuama
3eMH. Myjicym cu xa3an: „Toea vyne e mojiKoea OMcadunno, kojikomo
6hx u a3 ". Toil cjiH3-bJi npu nnadeueua, Ham,jmuji odyemma cu c eoda,
nocne n 3axanan c ycma, doKamo ce lUKamin, u uanoun Kynemo.
Bcnedcmeue Ha moea Annax eo onpocmun". Ka3axa: „UpameuuKO ua
Annax, u 3apadu .ncueommime nu umo ev3danuue 3a uac?" Toil Ka3a:
„3a ecHKO oicueo cbiuecmeo umo &b3danuue '".
KaKBO Ka3ea ncnsuvrbT 3a Cb^hhsi fleH?
KaKTO xpHcraamrre, Taica h MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar, ne 3eMHHaT acn-
bot e caisio BpeMeHHO npHroTOBjieHHe 3a cjie^BamoTO uapcTBO Ha cb-
mecTByBaHe. 3a BceKH hh^hbh^ to3h >khbot e h3iiht 3a acHBOTa cnefl
CM-bprra. IU,e flOHfle ^eH, KoraTO Hajiara BceneHa me Gtfle yHHnjoace-
Ha h MtpTBHTe othobo me 6i>flaT cbacHBeHH 3a npHCb^aTa Ha Ajinax.
To3H ^eH me 6i>Ae HanajiOTO Ha )khbot, kohto HaMa ^a HMa Kpafi. To3h
^eH ce HapHHa C^jxtmsn ,neH. Ha to3h ,neH bcckh me ch nonyHH 3a-
cny5KeHOTO ot Ajinax cnope,a CBC»rra Bapa h ^ena. To3h, kohto yivipe c
Bapara, ne „HnMa dpye 6oe oceeu Annax, u ne MyxaMMed e Heeoe npa-
menuK ", h e MiociojiMaHHH, me 6i>fle Harpa^eH Ha to3h ^eH h me 6i>fle
BtBe^eH b Paa 3aBHHarn, Kaicro Ajinax Ka3Ba:
„A Koumo enpeam u 6T>puiam npaeednu data, me3ii ca o6umame-
jiume na Pan, moM w,e npe6ueaeam eenno".
(KopaH. 2: 82)
Ho kohto yivipe, 6e3 ^a BapBa, ne ..Hhmu dpye 6oe oceeu Annax,
u ne MyxaMMed e Hezoe npameuuK ", h He e MiociojiMaHHH, me 3a-
ry6n Paa 3aBHHarn h me 6i>,ae H3npaTeH b ortHa Ha A^a, KaKTO Aji-
jiax Ka3Ba:
lbnMajah,#2443,
2 Saheeh Muslim, #2244, m Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2466.
54
„A Koumo mbpcu dpyza penuzua oceen ucjiaMa, ma ne me My ce
npueMe u e omerbdnua dKueom moii e om zy6eut,ume".
(KopaH, 3: 85)
H cbmo:
„Om one3u, Koumo ce ompeKam uyMpam neeepnuuu, ne me 6t>-
de npuema Kamo ontKyn dopu m>Jina cbc 3Jiamo 3eMa. 3a max UMa
6ojie3Heno MT>Henue u hukou ne w,e zu U36aeu".
(KopaH, 3: 91)
Hskoh Moace ,na nonirra: „A3 mhcjih, ne HCJWM'bT e xy6aBa pejiHraa,
ho aico npHeisia HCJiHMa, me HMaM npo6jieMH etc CBoeTO ceMeficTBO,
npHHTejiHTe h 6jih3khtc ch, kohto me mh ce npHCMHBar. Ho aKO He
npneisia HCJiHMa, me Bjma jih b Paa h me Gt^a jih cnaceH ot OrbHa Ha
A fl a?"
OTroBopiiT e b npeflHuiHOTO 3HaMeHHe: „A Koiimo mbpcu dpyza pe-
jiuzua oceen ucnaMa, ma ne me My ce npueMe u e ome^dnua Mcueom
moii e om zy6eui,ume".
Cnefl icaro ronpama IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H j\a npH30BaBa xopaTa
kbm HCJiaMa, Ajinax He npneivia npHBi>p3aHOCTTa kbm hhkoji flpyra pe-
jiHrna ocBeH kbm HCJiaMa. Ajinax e HainnaT Ci>3,aaTeji h IloKpoBHTeji.
Ton e Cb3flaji bchhko Ha 3eMjrra 3apa^H Hac. Bcjiko 6jiaro h floGpo, ko-
eTO HMaisie, e ot Hero. H cjie,a bchhko TOBa, axo hmkoh otxbi>pjih bji-
paTa b Ajinax, HeroBHa npopoK MyxaMMe^ hjih HeroBara pejiHraa,
cnpaBefljiHBO e toh ,aa Gt^e HaKa3aH b otbi>,hhh>i cbjit. Bcbhihoct
raaBHaTa ueji, 3apa^H kohto CMe ci>3,zia,zieHH, e m cjiyacHM Ha e^HHCT-
BeHHa Bor h p,& My ce nonHHHJiBaMe, Kaicro e Ka3an Ajinax b CBemeHHH
KopaH:
„ C'bmeopuxA3 ddKunoeeme u xopama eduncmeeno 3a da Mu aiy-
wcarn".
(KopaH, 51: 56)
To3H acHBOT e MHoro KpaTtK. B CiiflHHa ^eH HeBepHHHHTe me mhc-
JlflT, He ^KHBOTbT, KOHTO Ca >KHBejIH Ha 3eM>rra, e 6hji CaMO eflHH ^eH
hjih nacT ot p,eH, Kaicro Ajinax Ka3Ba:
55
„ll{e pene [Ajijiox]: „Kojiko zodunu npecmoaxme e 3eMHma?"
life peKam: „IIpecmoaxMe den ujiu uacrn om dena... ".
(KopaH, 23: 112-113)
H ome:
„HuMa CMHmaxme, ne eu cbmeopuxjne nanpa3HO u ne npu Hac
ne me 6i>deme 6T>pHamu?" Bceeuiuen e Ajijiox, ucmuncKuam Bjiade-
men! Hhmci dpyz 6oz oceen Hezo... ".
(KopaH, 23: 115-116)
Kara cpaBHaBa to3h cbst c OTBt^HHa, IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ il Ka3-
Ba: „CmouHOcmma Ha mom cenm, cpaenena c mam na ome-bdmrn
cenm, e Kamo OHoea, Koemo np-bcrnvm eu douacn om Mopemo, Kozamo
zo nomonume u taeadume" 1 , xe. CTOHHOcrra Ha to3h cbjit, cpaBHeH c
OTBij^HHa, e KaTO hhkojiko KanKH BO^a, cpaBHeHH c orpoMHOTO Mope.
IIO KaKBB HaHHH HOBeK MOJKe
fla CTaHe MiocKwiMaHHH?
KaTO ropene c yGe^K^emie: „JIn u.mxe ujinejijiax, Myxaiuedyp pacy-
niojijiax ". ToBa 03HanaBa: „Hhmci. dpyz 6oz oceen Ajinax u MyxctMMed e
Hezoe YlpamenuK" . ritpBara nacT „Hrmci dpyz 6oz oceen Ajijiox" 03-
HanaBa, ne npaBOTO ^a 6i>fle o6o»caBaH npHHa,ziJie>KH e,aHHCTBeHO Ha
Ajinax h ne Toii HHMa CbflpyacHHUH, hhto m>K chh. 3a ,aa 6i>,ne hobck
MiociojiMaHHH, Tpa6Ba cbmo:
• fl,a BapBa, ne CBememraT KopaH e hcthhhoto cjiobo Ha Ajinax, H3-
npaTeHO ot Hero.
• J\& BapBa, ne d^murr j\eH (J\emiT Ha BKBicpeceHHeTo) e HCTHHa h
me HacTinH, icaKTO Ajinax o6emaBa b CBenjeHHa KopaH.
• J\a npneisia HCJiaMa 3a cboh pejiHraa.
• J\a He o6o>KaBa hhhjo h HHKoro .npyraro ocBeH Ajinax.
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H Ka3Ba: „Ajijiax e mhozo no-padocmeu, uoza-
mo hhkou pad ce noKaiiea nped Hezo, ommjimmo 6u 6wi hhkou U3-
Mencdy eac, Koumo doKamo nvmyea c KOMiuiama cu cped zona nycmu-
Saheeh Muslim, #2858, and Mosnad Ahmad, #17 560.
56
hh u ma My ce u3run>3He 3aedno c xpcmama u eodama, umadne e om-
nciHHue, nocne cmuene do edno dypeo com caMum>K, nonezne nod chh-
Kama My U3zy6un ecHKanea HCidejicda; u KdKtno cu neoicu, useeduunc
KdMWiama ce tanpaeu nped uezo, mou n xeaue 3a W3dama u o63em om
cujihci. padocm, U3pene: „0, Eowe, Tu cu Mourn pad, a a3 ckm Teonm
Focnod". TojiKoea padocmeu, ne ce odvpKa" 1 .
HaflnnctT "Hnnia dpya 6oa oceeH Annax, u MyxaMMed e Heaoe npameHUK", nocTa-
BeH Hafl BXOfl.
KaKBO npeflCTaejiJiBa CeemeHHsiT KopaH?
CBemeHHaT KopaH e nocneflHOTO H3npaTeHO cjiobo ot Ajinax h e
OCHOBHHHT H3TOHHHK Ha Biipa H npaKTHKa
3a BceKH MiociojiMaHHH. Ton TpeTHpa
bchhkh BtnpocH, kohto 3acaraT HOBeKa:
M-b^pocT, Bapa, yneHHe, 6orocjiyaceHe,
B3aHMOOTHOineHHa, npaBO H T.H., HO oc-
HOBHaTa Teivia e B3aHMOOTHomeHHeTO
Me3K,ziy Ajinax h HeroBHTe cb3flaHHH. CtmeBpeMeHHO CBemeHHaT Ko-
paH npcuocTaBJi yKa3aHHa h noflpo6HH npeflnncaHHa 3a nocraraHe Ha
Saheeh Muslim, #2747, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6309.
57
cnpaBefljiHBO oGnjecTBO, 3a aoctohho noBe^eHHe Ha xopara h cnpa-
BeflJIHB HKOHOMHHeCKH CTpOH.
Tpa6Ba p,a ce OT6ejie>KH, ne CBemeHHHT KopaH e HronocjiaH Ha
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ % Ha apa6cKH e3HK. Taica ne BceKH npeBQn Ha
CBememra KopaH, 6hjio Ha aHrjiHHCKH, hjih Ha flpyr e3HK, He e CBeme-
ffiMT KopaH, hhto HeroBa Bepcna, a caisio npeBOfl Ha 6yKBajiHOTO My
3Ha i ieHHe. OpHrHHaji'bT Ha CBememra KopaH e Ha apa6cKH.
Kofi e IlpopoKa MyxaMMefl H?
MyxaMMe^ H e po^eH b MeKKa npe3 570 r. Banja My yMHpa, onje
npe^H toh fla ce po,HH, a Manna My - CKopo cjie^ paac^aHeTO My.
Oirjieacfla ro HeroBiraT hhho, A6y TannG, kohto e ot yBa>KaBaHOTO
njieMe Kypefiin. MyxaMMe^ H3pacTBa HerpaMOTeH, He MO>Ke j\a neTe h
nnuie h ocTaBa TaicbB ^o CM-bprra ch. HeroBHHT Hapofl npe^H mhchh-
Ta My Ha npopoK e HeBeac 3a HayKaTa h noBeneTO xopa 6hjih HerpaMor-
hh. Koraro H3pacTBa, CTaBa H3BecTeH c TOBa, ne roBopn HCTHHaTa,
Kaicro h etc CBoaTa necTHOCT, HCKpeHOCT, flOBepne h 6jiaropoflCTBO. Ha
Hero Moace j\a ce pa3HHTa, 3aTOBa ro HapHnar /Joeepemim 1 . MyxaMMe^
JH e MHoro Ha6o>KeH h chjiho Mpa3H yna^tKa h H^ojionoKjiOHHHHecT-
boto Ha CBoeTO oGmecTBO.
fl)KaMM3Ta Ha flpopoKa MyxaMMefl m b MeflMHa.
1 Mosnad Ahmad, #15 078.
58
3a ntpBH m>T Ha HeTHpHHceTroAHniHa BKBpacT MyxaMMe^ ® nony-
naBa nocnaHHe ot Anjiax npe3 apxaHren /J>Kn6pHji. HH3nocjiaBaHeTO
npofl"bJi>KaBa flBaficeT h Tpn roflHHH. U,ajiociTa ot bchhkh HH3nocjiaHH
3HaMeHHa npeflCTaBjiHBa CBemeHHMT KopaH.
Cnefl KaTO 3anoHBa j\a nojiynaBa 3HaMeHHjrra Ha CBememra KopaH
h j\& nponoBa^Ba HCTHHaTa, kojito Ajinax My ronpanja, MyxaMMe^ H
h HeroBara MajiKa rpyna nocjieflOBarejiH CTaBaT o6eicr Ha npecjie^BaHe
ot CTpaHa Ha HeBepHHHHTe. npecjie^BaHeTO CTaBa TOJiKOBa >kcctoko,
ne npe3 622 r. Ajinax My 3anoBa^Ba j\a ce npecenn ot MeKKa b Me^H-
Ha. ToBa npeceneHHe Ha okojio 260 mhjih Ha ceBep Gejieacn HanajiOTO
Ha MiociojiMaHCKOTO jieTo6poeHe.
Cnefl hmkojiko roAHHH MyxaMMe^ il h HeroBHTe nocjie^OBaTejiH
Bene MoraT ,aa ce 3aBi>pHaT b MeKKa h npomaBar na cbohtc HenpHirre-
jih. IlpeflH MyxaMMe^ j\a ce npecenn b otb-b^hoto, Ha ineficeT h Tpn
ro^HHiHa Bi>3pacT, no-rojiaMara nacT ot HaceneHHeTO Ha Apa6cKHa no-
jiyocTpoB Bene e MiociojiMaHCKO, a 3a e^HH BeK cjie,a CMtpiTa My hc-
juiM-bT ce npocTHpa j\o HcnaHHa Ha 3ana^ h j\o KnTaii Ha h3tok. Cpe,n
npHHHHHTe 3a 6i>p30TO h MHpHO pa3npocTpaHeHHe Ha HCJiaMa ca HC-
THHHOCTTa h acHOTara My KaTO yneHne. HcjiaMtT npn30BaBa 3a Bapa b
eflKH-e^HHCTBeH Bor, Kohto e^HHCTBeH e ^ocToeH 3a o6oacaBaHe.
IlpopoKa MyxaMMefl H e H^eajieH npHMep 3a necTeH, cnpaBefljiHB,
MHjiocbpfleH, cbCTpaflarejieH, npaB^HB h npeKpaceH hobbk. Bi>npeKH,
ne e HOBeK, roiMa jiohih KanecTBa h ce CTpeMH e^HHCTBeHO kbm Ajinax
h HeroBaTa Harpa^a b OTBt^HHa cbht OcBeH TOBa b-bb bchhkh cboh
flena, nocTbnKH h B3aHMOOTHOHieHHa toh BHHarn e H3m>jiHeH c 6oro-
6oa3i)H.
KaK pa3npocTpaHsiBaHeTO Ha HCJisiMa
BjiHJie Btpxy pa3BHTHeTO Ha HayKaTa?
HcjiaMtT ynn xopaTa j\a H3noji3BaT cnjiaTa Ha
pa3yMa h HaGjnoflaTejiHOCira ch. B paMKirre Ha
hhkojiko roAHHH cne,a pa3npocTpaHeHHeTO Ha
HCJiaMa npou;i)(})T)iBa ymiBepcHTeTCKOTO o6pa30-
59
BaHHe h ce o4)opMa e^Ha Bejmica ijHBHjiroaijHa. CHHTe3i>T Ha h3tohhh-
Te h 3ana^HHTe np,en h tjixhoto CBneTaBaHe flOBe^K^a ^o rojiaM npor-
pec b Me^HLiHHaTa, MaTeMaraKara, 4)H3HKara, acTpoHOMHjrra, reorpa-
(|)H>rra, apxHTeKTypaTa, H3KycTBOTO,
jiHTepaTypaTa h HCTopHjrra. Ochobhh
CHCTeMH KaTO aureGpara, apaGciorre
u;H(})pH h noHHTHeTO nyjia (ot cbnjecT-
BeHO 3HaHeHHe 3a MaTeMaTHKaTa) ca
npe^afleHH Ha cpe^HOBeKOBHa EBpona
ot MiodOJiMaHCiara CBax ycbB-bpnieHC-
TBaHH HHCTpyMCHTH, KOHTO npaBST
BI>3MO>KHH eBpOneHCKHTe H3CJieflOBa-
TejiCKH OTKpHTHa, TaKHBa KaTO acTpojia6a, KBa^paHTa, h Tonorpa(J)c-
KHTe KapTH, CbHIO Ca pa3pa60TBaHH H yCbBtpineHCTBaHH OT MK)CK)JI-
MaHH.
AcTpona6:
EflMH OT HaM-
Ba)KHMTe Hay4HM
MHCTpyMeHTM,
pa3pa6oTeH ot
MtOCHDHMaHMTe,
KOMTO CbLL|0 LUM-
poKO ce M3nOH3-
Ba ot 3anaflHna
CBiTT M flO flHeC.
iiilCLuI^-ti « &£-$!&«■
JleKapn MKDCKinMaHM OTflen^T ronHMO BHMMaHne Ha xwpyprmrra m pa3pa6oTBaT pa3-
hmhhm xnpyprw4HM MHCTpyMeHTM, KaKTO e BMflHO otto3m CTap ptKonwc.
60
Koh e Hncyc cnopefl MiocHxnMaHHTe?
MiociojiMaHHTe yBa>icaBaT h noHHTar Hncyc Mup WMy. Te ro
CMjrrar 3a e^HH ot HaH-BejiHKHTe npareHHHH Ha Ajinax. CBemeHHHT
KopaH noTB-bpac^aBa HeroBOTO nyziOTBopHO pa^aHe (ot ,Z],eBa Ma-
pHa), ^a>Ke e^Ha cypa ot CBenjeHHa KopaH e 03arjiaBeHa Mapnaivi (Ma-
Phh). CBenjeHHaT KopaH onncBa pa>K^aHeTO Ha Hncyc Tana:
„Kozamo anzenume peKoxa: „O t MapuaM (Mapiw), Ajijiox me
djiazoeecmea 3a Cnoeo om Hezo. HMemo My e Mecuama Hca
[Hucyc], cuHT>m na MapuaM, 3Hamen e 3eMHua dKueom u e ome-bd-
huh, u e om npudnudKenume [na Ajijiox]. H me zoeopu na xopama
ome e JiwjiKama, u Kamo ewMiiMcee, u me frbde om npaeednui^ume. ",
peue ma: „rocnodu mou, kok me umom cuh, m OM mt>mc ne Me e do-
Kocean?" Peue: „TaKa! Ajijiox cbmeopaea Kawomo nowcejiae. UIom
peuiu nemo, Kd3ea My como: „Ei>dul " H mo cmaea".
(KopaH, 3: 45^17)
Pa>K^aHeTO Ha Hncyc e nyzjOTBopHO no noBejia Ha Ajinax, Kohto
CB3flaBa h A^aisi 6e3 Ganja. Ajinax Ka3Ba:
„TIpuMeprbm c Hca nped Ajuiax e Kamo npuMepa cAdaM. Ci>meo-
pu zo Toil om npbcm, nocne My pene: „ET>dul" H moil cmana".
(KopaH, 3: 59)
IIo Bpeisie Ha CBorra mhchs Ha npopoK Hncyc H3Bi>piiiBa mhoto ny-
fleca. Ajinax hh H3BecT3Ba, ne Hncyc e Ka3aji:
„...JIoHecox eu 3HOMenue om eauiun Tocnod. life cb3daM 3a eac
om zriuna o6pa3 na nmuu,a, m e dyxua e Hen u m e cmane nmuu,a c
no360JieHuemo na Ajijiox. H me u3u l epneaM cnenu u npoKaMcenu, u
me cbdKueaeaM MT>pmeu c no3eojienuemo na Ajijiox. H m e eu ct>o6-
maeaM Kaneo ademe u c Kaneo ce 3anacaeame no doMoeeme cu... ".
(KopaH, 3: 49)
MiociojiMaHHTe BapBar, ne Hncyc He e pa3m>HaT Ha KptCT TaicbB e
njianbT Ha BparoBeTe Ha Hncyc - p,& ro pa3nHaT Ha icptCT, ho Ajuiax ro
61
H36aBa ot pa3nHTHeTO h ro B-b3flHra npn Ce6e ch. YnofloGaBa Ha Hero
flpyr HOBeK. BparoBeTe Ha Hncyc pa3nHajiH to3h hobck Ha KptCT, KaTO
CMeTHajiH, ne toh e Hncyc. Ajuiax Ka3Ba:
„ ... w U3punaxa: „Hue y6uxjne Mecuama Hca, cuna na MapuaM,
npametuiKa na Ajuiax. " - ho ne zo yduxa u ne zo pa3nnaxa, a como
um 6e onpujiimen... ".
(KopaH, 4: 157)
Hhto MyxaMMe^, hhto Hncyc, Mup Had mux, n^Bar, 3a ^a npoMe-
H3T ochobhoto yneHHe 3a Bapara b EflHHHa Bor, yneHHe, ^OHeceHO ot
npeflHuiHHTe npopouH. Ilo-CKopo Ajuiax rn H3npama p& ro noTBtp/iaT
h b-bsoGhobht 1 .
flwaMUHTa an-AKca
b EpycannM.
1 MiociojiMaHHTe cbino BnpBaT, Me Bor H3npaTHJi Ha Hwcyc CBemeHa KHHra. HapeMeHa Mhajkhji, h3koh
MacTH ot kohto MOJKe 6m Bee ome npwcbCTBaT b yqeHHeTO Ha Bor KbM l/lwcyc b Hobmh 3aBeT, Ho TOBa
He 3HanH, Me MiocionMaHHTe BnpBaT b BH6nHflTa, KaKBaTO e AHec, 3aiAOTO ta He e opwnHarmoTO
CBeTO nwcaHHe, KoeTO e H3npaTeHO ot Bor. Ew6nMflTa npeTbpnaBa npoMeHH, Ao6aBKH h
cbKpaiAeHHa. ToBa ce noTBbpwAaBa ot komhcma, HaTOBapeHa Aa peB»3Hpa CBeTaTa En6nwq (T.Hap.
PeBH3HpaHa CTaHAapTHa Bepcwn). KoMHCMflTa ce cbCTOH ot 32-Ma yneHH, kohto o6e3neMaBaT
npemeAa h o6cb>KAaHeTO v\ Mpe3 KOHcynTaTHBeH cbBeT ot neTAeceTwuia npeACTaBMTerm Ha
pa3JiHMHH TeMeHHfl b xpHCTHAHCTBOTO. B npeAroBopa Ha PeBM3HpaHaTa CTaHAapTHa Bepcwn
KOMHCMHTa 3aaBHBa: „OMeBMAHO e, Me Ha hhkom MecTa TeKCTbT e nocTpaAan npw npeAaBaHeTO, ho
hhto eAHa Bepcwa He ocwrypnBa 3aAOBonnTenHOTO My Bb3CTaHOBHBaHe. 3a eBeHTyarmaTa
peKOHCTpyKL(Hq Ha opHrHHanHHn TeKCT homh eAMHCTBeHO Aa cneABaMe npeL(eHKaTa Ha
KOMneTeHTHMTe yMeHH". B npeAroBopa Ha cbmaTa Bepcwn KoMHCHflTa KaaBa: XIpwiojKMXMe 6ene>KKM,
nocoMBamw cbiAecTBeHH BapwaLiMH. Ao6aBKH h cbKpaiAeHMH b ApeBHHTe h3tomhhl(h (EBaHrenwe ot
MaTen, 9: 34, EBaHrenwe ot Mapi<a, 3: 16; 7: 4, EBaHrenwe ot JlyKa, 24: 32, 51 h t.h."
62
KaKBO Ka3ea hcjisimbt 3a TepopH3Ma?
HcjiaMtT e pejiHraa Ha MHjiocbpflHeTO h crrpHHa TepopH3Ma. B Cbc-
meHHa KopaH Ajinax Ka3Ba:
„Ajuiax ne eu 3a6pawiea da ce omHacame c do6po u da nocmbn-
eame cnpaeednueo kt>m one3u, Koumo ne eoweam c eac e pejiuzunma
u ne eu npozoneam om doMoeeme eu. Ajijiox o6uua cnpaeedjiueu-
me".
(KopaH, 60: 8)
IlpopoKa MyxaMMefl j§l 3a6paHHBa Ha bohhhhhtc ^a y6HBar aceHH
h Aeua 1 , h hm noBejiHBa: „ ...He npedaeaume, ne &bdeme Kpaimu, ne
y6ueaume deua... 2 . H cbhio: „ Koumo y6ue noeeK om o6u[nocm, ujua-
tua dozoeop c MJOcjojiMcmume, ne u^e noMupuuie apoMama na Pan,
e-bnpeKU ne mou yxae om pa3cmonHue, use-bpeHHO 3a nemupuucem zo-
dUHU "\
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ II cbhio Taica 3a6paHaBa Haica3BaHe c orbH 4 .
BeAHi>>K toh nocoHBa yGhhctboto KaTO BTopn cpefl roneMHTe rpe-
xoBe 5 h BHHarn npe/iynpeac^aBa, ne: „IJ'bpeume npuc^du e C^bdHun, den
upe 6-bdam dademi na xopama, Koumo ca npojiueami Kpve " 6 .
MiociojiMaHHTe ca HacTaBjiaBaHH p,a npoaBaBaT mhjioct jcbm 3kh-
BOTHHTe h hm e 3a6paHeHO j\a rn HapaHMBar. BeflHtac IlpopoKa
Ka3Ba: „)KeHa 6e HaKa3ana da omude e Ada 3apadu moea, ne
3ameopujia edna Komxa: mimo u da.ua xpana u eoda, numo h oceodo-
duna da cu mvpcu xpana "\
Toh Ka3Ba cmiio, ne Mtac HanoHji aca^HO Kyne, a Ajinax My onpoc-
thji rpexoBeTe. IlpaTeHHKa 6hji nonHTaH: „ O, IJpamenuKO na Annax,
'Saheeh Muslim, #1744, n Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #3015.
2 Saheeh Muslim, #1731, h Al-Tirmizi, #1408.
3 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #3166, a Ibn Majah, #2686.
4 Abu-Dawood, #2675.
5 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #6871, n Saheeh Muslim, #88.
"ToecT H3BbpiiiBajiH y6HHCTBa h HaHacqriH TejiecHM noBpeAH. Saheeh Muslim, #1678, h Saheeh Al-
Bukhari, #6533.
'Saheeh Muslim, #2422, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2365.
63
nenejiUM jiu nazpada 3a dodpunama kt>m Jtcueommime? '" Tom Ka3aji:
„Hmci nazpada 3a do6pima kt>m gchko .ncueo c-bu^ecmeo, otcueomno ujiu
Hoeejc" 1 .
KoraTO ce kojih >khbotho, MiociojiMaHHH'bT ce 3afli>jDKaBa kojikoto
ce MO>Ke no-MajiKO ^a npHHrnraBa CTpa^aHHe Ha )khbothoto. MyxaM-
Mefl Hi Ka3Ba: „ Kozamo KOJiume .xcueomno, nanpaeeme zo no naii-do6-
puH HauuH. Hamoneme HOMca cu, 3a da ce najuajiu cmpadamiemo ua
MrueomHomo " 2 .
B CBeTjiHHara Ha Te3H h flpyrn hcjihmckh TeKCTOBe ncwraKBaHeTO
k-bm Tepop nap, 6e33amHTHH rpaacMHH, pa3pymaBaHeTO Ha crpa^H h
HMynjecTBO, 6oM6apflHpaHeTO h ocaKaraBaHeTO Ha hbbhhhh aceHH,
Mtace h .neua e 3a6paHeHO h OTBpaTHTejiHO fleficTBHe. MiociojiMaHHTe
cjie^BaT pejiHrna Ha MHp, MHjiocbpflHe h CHH3xo>K£eHHe h no-ranaMa-
Ta nacT ot Tax HflMar hhhjo o6hjo c HacHjina, npHnncBaHH Ha TexHH
e^HHOBepLlH. AKO MK)CK)JIMaHHH e H3BljpinHJI TepOpHCTHHHO fleHCT-
BHe, toh e npecrbimji h Hapyinnji 3aKOHHTe Ha HCJiaMa.
HoeeuiKHTe npaea h cnpaBefljiHBOCTTa b Hcnsuvia
HcjiaMtT ocnrypaBa MHoro npaBa 3a HH^HBH^a. Hcjimm-bt 3amHTa-
Ba H36poeHHTe no-^ojiy.
}KhbotI)T h coGcTBeHOCira Ha bchhkh rpaac^ami b HCJiaMCKara
A^pacaBa ce CHHTaT 3a CBemeim, He3aBHCHMO ^ajin CTaBa Btripoc 3a
MiociojiMaHHH hjih hc HcjiaMtT 3amHTaBa Hecira Ha rpa^amrre.
Cjie^OBaTejiHO cnope^ HCJiHMa oGnaara h npeHe6pe3KeHHeTO ca He^o-
nycTHMH. ripopoica MyxaMMe^ # Ka3Ba: „HancmiiHa eaiuama Kpye,
eauiuum umowi u eaiuama uecm ca HenpiiKOCHoeemi "\
VacwiwhT He e no3BOJieH b HCJiaMa. CBemeHHMT KopaH roBopn 3a
paBeHCTBO h paBHonpaBne Me^K^y xopaTa:
„O t xopa, Hue eu cbmeopuxMe om edun mt>jk u edna wcena, u eu
cmopuxjne napodu u n/ieMena, 3a da ce ono3Haeame. Hau-docmoen
1 Saheeh Muslim, #2244, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2466.
2 Saheeh Muslim, #1955, n Al-Tirmizi, #1409.
3 Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #1739, h Mosnad Ahmad, #2037.
64
u3Me3Kdy eac npu Ajijiox e Hau-6ozo6oa3JiueuHm\ Ajijiox e ece3na-
em, ceedym".
(KopaH, 49: 13)
HcjiHM-bT He npneisia onpe^ejieHH xopa hjih HauHH fi,a 6-bflaT o6jia-
roAeTejiCTBaHH. ripopoica MyxaMMe^ H Ka3Ba: „ O, xopa! Bauiunm Eoz
e eduH u eaiuimm npapodwneji [Adaju] e eduH. Apa6ume He ca no-do6-
pu om me3u, Koumo He ca apadu, u me3ii, KOiimo ne ca apadu, ne ca no-
do6pn om apadume, a nepeenume (m.e. 6momo c nepeen Hwanc) xopa
ue ca no-do6pu om nepmime xopa, u nepnume xopa ne ca no-do6pu om
nepeemime 1 oceen etc ceoemo 6jiazonecmue u 6ozo6oH3Jiueocm "\
EflHH ot rjiaBHHre npo6jieMH, npe,a kohto flHec e H3npaBeHO HOBe-
HecTBOTO, e pacH3MijT. Pa3BHTH3T h u;HBHjiH30BaH cb3t e cnocoGeH ^a
H3npaTH HOBeK Ha jiyHaTa, ho He Moace j\& enpe HOBe-
na m Mpa3H cboh cbGpaT h ;ia ce cpaacaBa c Hero.
Ot ^HHTe Ha IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H HCJiaMtT e
3khb npHMep 3a TOBa, KaK pacH3Mi>T MO>Ke ^a 6"b^e
cnpaH. EaceroflHOTO noKjiOHeHHe xadjic b MeKKa
noKa3Ba hcthhcko hcjihmcko 6paTCTBO Ha xopa ot *
BCJIKaKBH paCH H HaHHOHajIHOCTH, Kt^eTO MHJIHOHH W
MK)CK)JIMaHH OT HHJl CB3T Ce CpeHjaT H H3BI>pHIBaT nOK-
JIOHeHHeTO.
HcjiaMtT e pejinrna Ha cnpaBefljiHBOCTTa. BceBHinHHaT Ka3Ba:
„Ajuiax eu noeennea da epT>mame noeepenume UMymecmea na
mexHume co6cmeeHuu,u u Kozamo cbdume Mewcdy xopama, da cbdu-
me cbc cnpaeediiueocm... ".
(KopaH, 4: 58)
H onje:
„...noMupeme zu enpaeedjiueo u nocmbneme 6e3npucmpacntHo!
Ajijiox oduna 6e3npucmpacmHume".
(KopaH, 49: 9)
1 Bor e Cb3flan xopaTa paBHH, pa3HHKaTa MejKfly tax ce cbCTOH b TflXHaTa Ha6o>KHOCT h oYiaroMecTwe.
2 CMMCbJibT e, Me hhkoh He e no-Ao6bp ot APyrHfl 3apaAM cboa l(bht Ha KowaTa.
3 Mosnad Ahmad, #22 978.
65
MiociojiMaHHTe ipaGBa ,aa 6"b,naT cnpaBe^jiHBH flopn ki>m Te3H, ko-
hto Mpa3aT, KaKTO Ajijiax Ka3Ba:
„...H da ne eu empea e zpnx OMpa3ama na hhkou xopa, ma da
one necnpaeedjiueu! Ei>deme cnpaeednueu, mo e Hail-6jiu30 do 60-
2o6oH3Jiueocmma!... "
(KopaH, 5: 8)
IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ H Ka3Ba: „Xopa! Tla3eme ce om mcnpaeedjiu-
eocmma 1 , mn iy.e 6-bde Mpax e C-bdnun den " 2 .
Te3H, kohto He ca nojiyHHjiH npaBaTa ch (xe. kohto HMaT cnpaBe^-
JIHBH HCKaHHH) B T03H 3KHBOT, Uje TH nOJiyHaT B C"bflHHH fl,eH, KaKTO
IlpopoKa Ka3Ba: „B Chduux den npaea u^e 6-bdam dademi na me3u, Ha
KOiimo ce d-bjincam (u epeiuKume iqe 6-bdam nonpaeenu) ... "\
CTaTyTtT Ha HceHaTa b Hcnsuvia
HcjiaMtT pa3rjie3K^a aceHara, He3aBHCHMO flajiH e OMi>>KeHa hjih He,
KaTO OT^ejiHa jihhhoct etc cboh npaBa, c npaBOTO m npnre^KaBa h pa3-
nonara c HMynjecTBO h j\oxojxh, 6e3 j\& ce OKa3Ba HMKaKBa oneKa Ha,a
Hea (ot Ganja, ci>npyr hjih hhkoh flpyr). Ta ma npa-
bo fla KynyBa h nponaBa, m no^apHBa, m npa-
bh 6jiaroTBopHTejiHH ^apeHHH, xe. th Moace
fla xapHH napHTe ch, Kaicro HaMepH 3a ao6-
pe. EpaHHara njiaTa Maxp ce j\ava ot Mjia-
^o>KeHeLi;a Ha 6yjiKaTa 3a HeiiHH jihhhh
Hyac^H. ByjiKaTa ch 3ana3Ba (JiaMHjiHOTO
HMe, BMecTO ji,a npneisie HMeTO Ha cboji ctnpyr.
HcjiaM-bT HacbpnaBa ctripyra j\a ce OTHaca floGpe
kbm cbnpyraTa ch, KaKTO Ka3Ba IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ 0: „Hau-do6pn-
me u3M.eMrdy eac ca me3U, Koumo ca HCiu-do6pu kvm ceoiime ci>npy-
2U "\
1 ToecT noTHCKaHe Ha APy™, HecnpaBeAJiMBH AeiicTBMH hjih 3JiocTopcTBa.
2 Mosnad Ahmad, #5798, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2447.
3 Saheeh Muslim, #2582, w Mosnad Ahmad, #7163.
4 Ibn Majah, #1978, h Al-Tirmizi, #3895.
66
B HCJiHMa MafiKHTe ca yzjocToeHH c rojiaisia noHHT. HcjiaMtT npeno-
piiHBa ji,a ce OTHacaMe ki>m Tax HaH-^o6pe. „Edim jwb.)tc doiide npu
YlpamenuKa Ha Ajinax, Ajinax da eo 6naeocjioeu u c Mup da eo dapu, u
nonuma: „npamemiKO naAjuiax, kou noeeK nau-Muoeo 3acjiy.)tcaea da
my 6-bda dodyp dpyeap? " Toil omeoeopu: „Mawca mu ". [Munc-bm] no-
numa: „A nocne kou?" Omeoeopu: „MauKa mu". H nan nonuma: „A
nocne kou?" Omeoeopu: „Maum mu". H nonuma: „A nocne kou?"
Omeoeopu: „TIocjie 6au}a mu" 1 .
CeMeiicTBOTO b HCJisuvia
CeMeiicTBOTO, kocto e ocHOBHara rpa^HBHa e^HHHHa Ha iiHBHjiroa-
HHjrra, flHec e Ha m>T j\a ce pa3naflHe. CeMeifflara CHCTeisia b HCJiHMa b
npeKpacHO cbneTamie h xapMOHira ocnrypaBa npaBa Ha Cbnpyra, ci>n-
pyraTa, .neuaTa h ponHHrnrre. Hcjmmi>t nozwbpaca noBefleHne Ha an-
TpyH3i>M, BejiHKOflyniHe h jik>6ob b paMKHTe Ha floGpe opramoHpaHa
ceisieHHa CHCTeisia. MnptT h cnoKOHCTBHeTO, ocnrypeHH ot CTaGnjiHa-
Ta ceMefiHa e^HHHLia, ca mhoto hchhh, a TOBa e ci>mecTBeHO 3a ^yxoB-
hoto pa3BHTne Ha HjieHOBeTe Ha Ta3H CHCTeisia. CoHHajraaTa xapMOHHa
e ci>3flafleHa npe3 ci>mecTByBaHeTO Ha MHoroHjieHHH ceMeficTBa h npe3
u;eHeHeTO Ha fleHara.
KaK Ce OTHaCSITMH)CH)JlMaHHTe KBM Bl>3paCTHHTe?
B hcjihmckhh cbht ca pH^KOCT „flOMOBeTe 3a CTapH xopa". ycHjma-
Ta, nonaraHH ot fleuaTa ki>m poaHTejnrre b TOBa Han-Tpy^HO Bpeivie ot
TexHHa >khbot, ce CMaTa 3a necT - icaro Gjiaro^aT h ^o6pa bi>3mo>khoct
3a flyxoBHO H3pacTBaHe. Cnopefl HCJiaMa He e flocTan>HHO caMO j\a ce
mojihm 3a HaniHre po,HHTejiH, ho Tpa6Ba j\a ce rpn>KHM 3a Tax, j\a ch
cnoMHaMe, ne KoraTO CMe 6hjih 6e3noMomHH fleua, Te ca hh npeflno-
HHTajiH npefl caMHTe ce6e ch. MaiiKHTe b HCJiHMa ca MHoro
yBaacaBaHH. KoraTO po^HTejiH ^ocTHrHar CTapocT, k-bm Tax ce OTHacaT
c mhjioct, noHTeHOCT h ceGeoTpHHamie.
TpnacaTa ki>m po^HTejiHTe b HCJiaMa ce npneivia KaTO 3afli>jiaceHHe,
Saheeh Muslim, #2548, h Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #5971.
67
KoeTO no Ba>KHOCT e cjie,a MOJiHTBara, h poziHTejinre ca b m>jiHoro ch
npaBO j\a ro H3HCKBax KaTO npe3paHO ^eaHHe ce npneMa j\a H3pa3Hin
pa3Apa3HeHHe k-bm pcmirrejiHTe ch h j\a rn ynpeKBam 3a TpyzjHoro no-
jioaceHHe, b KoeTO ca H3naflHajiH. ToBa He e no TaxHa BHHa, a BCJie/iCT-
Bne Ha Bi>3pacTTa.
Ajinax Ka3Ba:
„H noeejiu meonm Tocnod da ne cjiywcume dpyziiMy oceen Hany,
u ki>m podumejiume - do6pima! Ako edununm om mux ujiu u dea-
Mama docmuznam cmapocmma npu me6, ne um Ka3eau: „ y(p!" u ne
zu naeuKeaii, a um Koseaii JiacKaeu aioea! H om Munocbpdue cnyc-
hu 3a max Kpuiiomo na CMupenuemo u Kawcu: „rocnodu Moii, no-
MUJieau zu, Kaiano u me Me omzjiedaxa om mojitik!"
(KopaH, 17: 23-24)
IleTTe CTbjiSa Ha Hcnsuvia
nerre CTtjiGa Ha HCJiHMa ca ocHOBara Ha MiociojiMaHCKHH jkhbot.
Te ca: 3acBH^eTejiCTBaHeTO Ha Bapara, MOJiHTBaTa, ^aBaHe Ha seKum
(nonnoMaraHe Ha 6eflHHre), roBeeHe no BpeMe Ha Mecen, PaMa^aH h
noKjiOHeHneTO b MeKKa Be/intac b >KHBOTa 3a Te3H, Ha kohto e no ch-
jiHTe ,aa ro H3Bi>pniaT.
1. 3acBHfleTejiCTBaHeTO Ha BHpaTa
3acBH^eTejiCTBaHeTO Ha Bapara e ropHHaHeTO c yGoK^eHne Ha: „JIn
unHxe ujijiejijiax, MyxaMMedyp pacyniojijiax ". ToBa 3HanH: „Hhmci dpyz
6oz oceen Ajinax, Myxajujued e Hezoe npamemiK ". n-bpBara nacT „Hh-
M.a dpyz 6oz oceen Annax " 03HaHaBa, ne hhkoh HHMa npaBO p,a 6i>fle
o6o>KecTBeH ocbch eflHHCTBeHira Ajinax h ne Ton HaMa CbflpyacHHUH,
hhto m>K chh. ToBa 3acBH^eTejiCTBaHe ce Hapiraa LUexada — CBH^eTen-
ctbo, H3pa3, kohto Tpa6Ba ji,a ce H3Ka>Ke c y6eac^eHHe npn BCTbnBaHe-
to b HCJiHMa. 3acBH^eTejiCTBaHeTO Ha Bapara e ntpBHar h Han-BaiKeH
crbji6 Ha HCJiaivia.
68
2. MojiHTBaTa
MiociojiMaHHTe BceKnaHeBHO H3Bi>pinBaT neT mojihtbh. Bcana ot
Tax He OTHeivia noBene ot hjikojiko mhhyth. MojiHTBaTa b HCJiaMa npe^-
CTaBjiaBa ^HpeKTHaTa Bpi>3Ka Meac^y pa6a h Ajinax. B HCJiaMa HHMa
nocpeflHHiiji Meac^y HOBeKa h Bor.
B MOJiHTBara hobck H3nHTBa BBTpeniHO macrae, cnoKOHCTBHe h
yTexa, ne Ajinax e aobojich ot Hero. IlpopoKa MyxaMMe^ JH Ka3Ba:
„EwiHJi, npiaoeu 3a Monumea, 3a da ce ymeuiUM npe3 Hen" 1 . Ehjihji e
e^HH ot cnoflBHacHHUHTe Ha MyxaMMe^ H, Ha KoroTO e BB3Ji03KeHO ^a
npH30BaBa xopaTa 3a MOJiHTBa.
MojiHTBHTe ce H3BBpuiBaT KaKTO cjie^Ba: cyTpHH a,o H3rpeBa Ha
cjiBHueTO, no njia^He, b cpe^ara Ha cjiefloGe^a, cjie,a 3ane3 cjiBHue h
npe3 HOHjTa. MiociojiMaHHTe MoraT ,aa ce mojist noHTH HaBcaKB^e -
Kaicro Ha noneTO, TaKa h b o<})Hca, (J)a6pHKaTa hjih yHHBepcHTeTa.
3. ^J,aBaHeTO Ha MHjiocTHHHTa 3eKHm
HcTHHCKHAT npirre>KaTeji Ha bchhko e Ajinax, cjieflOBarejiHO h 6o-
rarcTBOTO, npHTeacaBaHO ot xopaTa, e Henjo, KoeTO hm e noBepeHO ot
Hero. 3HaHeHHeTO Ha .ziyMara 3eKHin e eflHOBpeMemro „npeHHCTBaHe"
h „pacTe>K". flaBaHeTO Ha 3eKxm npe^CTaBjiaBa „flaBaHe Ha onpe^ejieH
npoueHT ot fla^eHO HMymecTBO Ha onpe^ejieHH
rpynn Hy^aemH ce xopa". 3a 3JiaTO, cpeGpo
hjih napn, kohto BB3JiH3aT Ha cyMa kojikoto 85
rpaivia 3Jiaro h ca ce 3ana3HjiH b npoflBiraceHHe
Ha e^Ha jiyHHa ro^HHa, ce H3njiamaT fipa h no-
jiOBHHa npoueHra. IlpHTeacaBaHOTO ot Hac Bjia-
fleHne ce CMjrra 3a npenHCTeHO npe3 3aflejiHHeTO Ha MajiKa nacT 3a
Hy^K^aemHTe ce - TaKa npn noflpa3BaHe Ha pacTeHneTO ce BBSBptma
6ajiaHCbT h ce CTHMyjmpa hobhht pacTeac. OcBeH TOBa BceKH miocioji-
MaHHH e CBoGo^eH j\a pa3^aBa flo6poBOJiHO mhjiocthhm hjih no^aaHHe,
kojikoto caM npeueHH.
1 Abu-Dawood, #4985, h Mosnad Ahmad, #22 578.
69
4. ToBeeHeTO npe3 ivieceu PaiviaflaH
Bcaica ro^HHa npe3 Meceu, PaMa^aH 1 bchhkh MiociojiMaHH roBeHT ot
3a3opaBaHe fi,o 3ane3 cjiBHue, KaTO ce BB3,ziBp>KaT ot xpa-
Ha, nneHe h ceKcyajiHH OTHOineHna.
BinpeKH ne roBeeHeTO e nojie3HO 3a 3^paBeTO, to
ce pa3rjie>Kfla raaBHO KaTO MeTO,a Ha ^yxoBHO caMO-
npenHCTBaHe. Karo ce orpaHHnaBa ot y^OBOJiCTBHa-
Ta Ha to3h cb3t, flopH 3a KpaTKO Bpeivie, roBeemnaT
HOBeK npoaBaBa CBnpHnacTHe kbm 6e^HHTe, a cbhjo
Tana ce pa3BHBa b ^yxoBeH njiaH.
5. IIoKjioHeHHeTO xadwc
E^KeroflHOTO noKjiOHeHHe xadjic b MeKKa e 3a^BJi>KHTejiHO Be^HBac
B 5KHBOTa 3a Te3H, KOHTO HMaT H 4)H3HHeCKaTa, H (j)HHaHCOBaTa BB3-
MO>KHOCT fl,S TO H3BBpmaT BcJIKa TOflHHa MHJIHOHH MKDCIOJIMaHH OT
bchhkh Kpanma Ha CBeTa OTHBaT b MeKKa. BBnpeKH ne b MeKKa BHHa-
kJ-'S , ■■
frr
noKnoHHML(M ce MonnT b fl>KaMnaTa XapaM b MeKKa. B Ta3M flwaMMn ce HaMMpa
Kaa6a (4epHaTa nocipowKa Ha CHMMKaTa), KtM koato MrocroniviaHMTe ce o6pbii|aT 3a mo-
nuTBa. Kna6a e mhcto 3a 6orocny>KeHMe, KoeTO Annax 3anoBflflBa Ha ripopoKa M6paxnM
m HeroBMfl cmh, McMann, fla nodpoflT.
1 MeceL( PaMaAaH e AeBe™ ot HcrraMCKHH KaneHAap (kohto e nyHeH, a He cnbHMeB).
70
th HMa noceTHTejiH, eiKeroppwn xadjtc ce H3Bi>piiiBa npe3 flBaHaiice-
thh Meceu, Ha HCJiaMCKua jcajieuziap, Meceu 3iuixud3tcdotce. 3a noKjio-
HeHneTO MtaceTe o6jiHHar cneuHajiHH npocTH ^pexn, kohto npeisiax-
BaT pa3JiHHHHTa Me>K,iiy couHajimui hm CTaTyc h KyjiTypaTa hm, Taica ne
bchhkh CTaBaT paBHH npe,a Ajuiax.
OGpe^HTe Ha noicjiOHeHHeTO xadj/r BKjiKHBar o6xo,a Ha Kaa6a - ce-
A,eM nijTH, npeMHHaBaHe ce^eisi tcbth pa3CToaHHeTO Me^K^y xbjiMOBeTe
Ca<j)a h Mapya, Kaicro e HanpaBHjia CbnpyraTa Ha H6paxHM Xa^acap,
AOKaro Ttpcejia BO^a 3a CHHa ch HcManji. Cne,a TOBa noicjiOHHHUHTe
3acTaBaT 3ae^HO Ha Apa<J)ar h mojiht Ajuiax 3a bchhko, KoeTO >KejiaaT,
h 3a onpomeHHe ot Hero. Jlemrr Ha Apa<j)aT necTO ce cpaBHMBa etc
CiiflHHa ji,eH.
KpaaT Ha xa,zpKa ce OT6ejia3Ba c npa3HHK, Aud an-Adxa - Kyp6cm
EaiipciM. To3H npa3HHK h Aud cw-@ump - PaMCHaH EaupciM, npa3HH-
K-bT, kohto ce necTBa b icpaa Ha Meceu; PaMa^aH, ca .nBara npa3HHKa b
MiociojiMaHCKHH jcajiemiap. HecTBaHeTO hm 3anoHBa c BceoGnja
MOJIHTBa.
71
KPATKO MJlK)CTPOBAHO BtBEflEHME B MCJlflMA
AHITMMCKa
ritpBO M3flaHMe
ripeBOflan KeMan Eo3oe
PeflaKTop Maun Kanydueea
Ott. peflaKTop Ami XaupadduH
ripeflnenaTHa no,qroTOBKa Canux LUadaHoe
OopMaT 1/16/60x90
rien. Korm 4,75
rienaT:
rienaTHa 6a3a „K ripum"
„npo3peHne - 1424" EOOfl
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